Respiratory

Question 1

Respiratory functions

Answer 1

Gas exchange
Communication
Olfaction
pH regulation

Question 2

Nose functions

Answer 2

Warm
Cleanse
Humidify
Detects odors
Amplifies sound
Protection

Question 3

Nose structures

Answer 3

Nostrils
Nasal cavity
Nasal septum

Question 4

Nostrils

Answer 4

External openings

Question 5

Nasal cavity

Answer 5

Internal chamber

Question 6

Nasal cavity structures

Answer 6

Conchae
Meatus

Question 7

Nasal conchae

Answer 7

Tissue folds with blood and mucus that warm and humidify incoming air

Question 8

Nasal meatus

Answer 8

Separates the conchae
Passage for air

Question 9

Nasal septum

Answer 9

Separate the cavities

Question 10

Pharynx functions

Answer 10

Carries air between the nasal cavity and the larynx

Question 11

Parts of the pharynx

Answer 11

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

Question 12

Nasopharynx

Answer 12

Ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium
Passage for air

Question 13

Oropharynx

Answer 13

Stratified squamous epithelium
Passage for air and food

Question 14

Laryngopharynx

Answer 14

Stratified squamous epithelium
Passage for air and food

Question 15

Larynx functions

Answer 15

Carries air between and pharynx and trachea
Preventing food from entering the trachea
Sounds production

Question 16

Parts of the larynx

Answer 16

Glottis
Vestibular folds
Vocal chords
Cartilage

Question 17

Glottis

Answer 17

Airway surrounded by the larynx

Question 18

Vestibular folds

Answer 18

Muscles that protect the airway by preventing food from entering the trachea

Question 19

Vocal chords

Answer 19

Muscles that produce sound

Question 20

Larynx cartilage

Answer 20

Epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage

Question 21

Epiglottis

Answer 21

Uppermost portion of the larynx
Elastic cartilage
Prevents food from entering the glottis

Question 22

Thyroid cartilage
(Adam’s Apple)

Answer 22

Middle portion of larynx
Shield
Hyaline cartilage
Surrounds vocal chords

Question 23

Cricoid cartilage

Answer 23

Bottom portion of the larynx
Hyaline cartilage
Connects larynx to the trachea

Question 24

Trachea

Answer 24

Connection btw larynx and bronchial tree
Ciliates pseudostratified columnar epithelium
C-shaped cartilage rings give support

Question 25

Bronchial tree

Answer 25

Network of highly branched air tubes Top three -Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium - supported by cartilage Bottom three - Ciliated stratified cuboidal epithelium - supported by muscle

Question 26

Structures of the bronchial tree

Answer 26

Main bronchi Lobar bronchi Segmental bronchi Bronchioles Terminal bronchioles Respiratory bronchioles

Question 27

Main bronchi

Answer 27

Largest Right and left that go to each lung

Question 28

Lobar bronchi

Answer 28

Main bronchi split into each lobe

Question 29

Segmental bronchi

Answer 29

Branches off of the lobar bronchi

Question 30

Bronchioles

Answer 30

Continuation of the segmental bronchi Transition in tissue Transition from skeletal muscle to smooth muscle

Question 31

Terminal bronchioles

Answer 31

Branches off of the bronchioles Cilia No more mucus

Question 32

Respiratory bronchioles

Answer 32

Start to lose smooth muscle and cilia

Question 33

Alveoli

Answer 33

Air sacs on the respiratory branches and alveolar ducts Main site of gas exchange Types of cells Type 1: squamous Type 2: great Type 3: alveolar macrophages

Question 34

Type1: squamous Alveoli cells

Answer 34

Gas exchange

Question 35

Type2: great Alveoli cells

Answer 35

Produce surfactant Prevents alveoli from sticking to themselves and helps them reinflate

Question 36

Type3: alveolar macrophages Alveoli cells

Answer 36

White blood cells Clean dust and bacteria from alveoli

Question 37

Lung lobes

Answer 37

Right- three lobes Left- two lobes

Question 38

Plurae

Answer 38

Serious membrane that surrounds lungs and lines the thoracic cavity Reduces friction Creates pressure gradient Prevent infections from spreading Three layers: - parietal - visceral - pleural cavity

Question 39

Visceral pleura

Answer 39

Surrounds the lungs

Question 40

Parietal pleura

Answer 40

Lines the thoracic cavity

Question 41

Pleural cavity

Answer 41

Space between parietal and visceral pleura Has serous fluid

Question 42

Types of pressure

Answer 42

Atmospheric Partial

Question 43

Atmospheric pressure

Answer 43

Force exerted on surfaces by molecules of air TAP= combined pressure of each component in air

Question 44

Atmospheric pressure at sea level

Answer 44

760mmHg

Question 45

Partial pressure

Answer 45

Pressure of each specific component in air

Question 46

Composition of air

Answer 46

78% nitrogen 21% oxygen 1% carbon dioxide Trace amounts of other elements and water vapor

Question 47

Steps of inhalation

Answer 47

Muscles contract Thoracic cavity volume increases Pressure in lungs decreases to 756mmHg Air is forced into lungs

Question 48

Steps of expiration

Answer 48

Muscles relax Thoracic cavity volume decreases Pressure in lungs increases to 763mmHg Air is forced out

Question 49

Respiration centers in the medulla oblongata

Answer 49

Central respiratory group- sets the rhythm of breathing Dorsal respiratory group- adapts to varying conditions

Question 50

Respiratory center in the pons

Answer 50

Pneumotaxic center- regulates the between inhalation and expiration in quiet breathing

Question 51

Oxygen transport

Answer 51

Hemoglobin in red blood cells Dissolved gas in plasma

Question 52

Carbon dioxide transport

Answer 52

Bicarbonate ion (HCO3) Hemoglobin Dissolved gas in plasma

Question 53

Bicarbonate transport of carbon dioxide

Answer 53

-CO2 enters the blood and combines with water to form carbonic acid - this dissociates and becomes bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions - the bicarbonate in transported to the lungs where it combines with hydrogen to become carbonic acid - this dissociates into carbon dioxide and water - the carbon dioxide is exhaled and the water remains in the plasma