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Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the cardiovascular system

A

Transport
Protection
Regulation

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2
Q

Composition of blood

A

55% plasma
1% Buffy coat
45% erythrocytes

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3
Q

Blood plasma proteins

A

Fibrinogen
Albumin
Globulins

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4
Q

Blood non proteins

A

Water 92%
Electrolytes
Glucose
Waste
Hormones
Dissolved gas

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5
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Sticky
Helps clot

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6
Q

Albumin

A

Most abundant
Influences blood pressure and flow
Transports blood solutes
Maintains ph

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7
Q

Globulins

A

Alpha & Beta- transport
Gamma- antibodies

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8
Q

Erythrocyte (red blood cells) form

A

Concave and discoid
No dna, mitochondria, or nucleus
Most abundant formed element

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9
Q

Erythrocytes function

A

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

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10
Q

Hemoglobin

A

4 protein chains of globin
- each carries a CO2 molecule
4 heme groups
- each carries an oxygen molecule

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11
Q

Erythrocyte life cycle

A

120 days
Broken down by liver and spleen

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12
Q

Leukocytes (white blood cells)

A

Least abundant
Immunity

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13
Q

Types of leukocytes

A

Granulocytes
Arganulocytes

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14
Q

Three types of granulocytes

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

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15
Q

Neutrophils (granulocytes)

A

Most abundant
Fight bacteria

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16
Q

Eosinophils (granulocytes)

A

Seasonal
Fight allergens parasites and worms

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17
Q

Basophils (granulocytes)

A

Rarest
Release histamine
Release anti clogging molecule
Help heal damaged tissue

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18
Q

Types of argranulocytes

A

Lymphocytes
Monocytes

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19
Q

Lymphocytes (argranulocytes)

A

Smallest and most abundant
Destroy cancer cells, foreign cells, and viruses
Immune memory
Secrete antibodies
Coordination

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20
Q

Monocytes (argranulocytes)

A

Largest WBC
Pathogens and debris

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21
Q

Platelets (thrombocytes)

A

No nucleus
Small
Primary function- hemostasis

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22
Q

Three layers of blood vessels

A

Tunica interns
Tunica media
Tunica externa

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23
Q

Tunica interna

A

Simple squamous endothelium
Semi-permeable

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24
Q

Tunica media

A

Smooth muscle
Vasodilation/constriction
Thickest layer

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25
Q

Tunica externa

A

Loose connective tissue
Protection and anchors to surrounding tissue

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26
Q

Types of blood vessels

A

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

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27
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart
- conducting
- distributing
- arterioles

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28
Q

Conducting arteries

A

Largest
Ex. Aorta and pulmonary trunk

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29
Q

Distributing arteries

A

Middle size
Ex. Circumflex artery and left pulmonary artery

30
Q

Arterioles

A

Smallest
Supply local regions

31
Q

Capillaries

A

Smallest blood vessels
Form bed btw arterioles and venules
Highly permeable
Only tunica interna (endothelium)

32
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood to the heart
- venules
- Medium veins
- large veins

33
Q

Venules

A

Smallest
Drain blood from capillary bed
Start journey back to heart

34
Q

Medium veins

A

Form when venules merge
Some contain valves

35
Q

Large veins

A

Form when medium veins merge
Ex. Inferior vena cava and pulmonary veins

36
Q

Mechanisms of venous return

A

Pressure gradient- created by heart
Gravity
Skeletal muscle pump

37
Q

Blood pressure

A

Force exerted by the blood on the inner walls of the vessels
Higher in arteries, lower in veins

38
Q

Systolic pressure

A

When the heart contracts
Highest pressure

39
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

When the heart rests
Lowest pressure

40
Q

Cardiovascular divisions

A

Pulmonary
Systemic

41
Q

Pulmonary

A

The route blood take from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back

42
Q

Systemic

A

The route blood takes from the left side of the heart to the tissues of the body and back to the right side of the heart

43
Q

Pericardium

A

Heart covering
Three layers
- parietal
- visceral
- pericardial cavity

44
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

Outer layer

45
Q

Visceral pericardium

A

Inner layer

46
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Space btw parietal and visceral pericardium
Filled with fluid

47
Q

Heart wall layers

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

48
Q

Epicardium

A

Outer layer of the heart
Thin
Made of epithelium and Areolar tissue

49
Q

Myocardium

A

Middle layer
Thick
Made of cardiac muscle
Does the contracting

50
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner layer
Similar to epicardium
Lines heart chambers

51
Q

Chambers

A

Atria
Ventricles

52
Q

Atria

A

Upper chambers
Separated by interatrial septum

53
Q

Right atrium

A

Receives deoxygenated blood and delivers it to the right ventricle

54
Q

Left atrium

A

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and delivers it to the left ventricle

55
Q

Ventricles

A

Lower chambers
Separates by the interventricular septum

56
Q

Right ventricle

A

Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atria and sends it to the lungs

57
Q

Left ventricle

A

Receives oxygenated blood from the left atria and sends it to the body

58
Q

Heart valves

A

Four
2 Atrioventricular
2 Semilunar

59
Q

Atrioventricular valves

A

Btw atria and ventricles
Tendons cords prevent relapse of the cord

60
Q

Semilunar valves

A

Btw ventricles and exciting blood vessels

61
Q

Cardiac muscle cells
(Cardiocytes)

A

Intercalated disks
Abundant mitochondria
Contain actin & myosin
Striated, involuntary, branched

62
Q

The conduction system

A

Specialized cardiocytes that can generate electrical signals on their own

63
Q

Sinoatrial node (SA)
“Pacemaker”

A

Upper right corner of the right atrium
Initiate the action potential for the stimulation of the other cardiocytes

64
Q

Atrioventricular node (AV)

A

Lower left of the right atrium
Responds to signal from SA node
Sends signal toward the ventricles

65
Q

Atrioventricular bundle and branches

A

Nerve like collection
Comes off of the AV node and moves into interventricular septum
Signal is delayed to allow blood filling

66
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

Off of the atrioventricular branches and extend up the walls of the ventricles
Finally distribute the delayed AB nodes signal

67
Q

Electrocariogram

A

Graphs the activity of the heart

68
Q

P wave

A

When the SA node sends a signal throughout the atria causing them to polarize and contract

69
Q

QRS wave

A

When the AV node sends a signal throughout the ventricles causing them to polarize and contract
Depolarization of the atria

70
Q

T wave

A

Depolarization and relaxation of the ventricles

A&P (16 decks)

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