Skeletal System

Question 1

Types of bone marrow

Answer 1

Red
Yellow

Question 2

Red bone marrow

Answer 2

Produces red blood cells
Kids bone marrow is all red blood cells

Question 3

Yellow bone marrow

Answer 3

Fatty
Used for storage

Question 4

Skeletal system functions

Answer 4

1 support
2 protection
3 movement
4 electrolyte balance
5 acid base balance
6 blood formation

Question 5

Bone tissue composition

Answer 5

1/3 organic collagen
2/3 inorganic hydroxyapatite

Question 6

Osseous

Answer 6

Bone

Question 7

Types of bone cells

Answer 7

Osteogenic cells
Osteoblast
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

Question 8

Osteogenic cells

Answer 8

Stem cells
Found in endosteum
Mitotic

Question 9

Osteoblasts

Answer 9

Form from Osteogenic
Non mitotic
Bone forming (use calcium from blood)

Question 10

Osteocytes

Answer 10

Mature osteoblasts
Become trapped in the matrix and maintain homeostasis

Question 11

Osteoclasts

Answer 11

Fusion of 4 stem cells
Release hydrochloric acid to dissolve matrix
Put calcium back in blood
Found in bone surface
Have ruffled borders

Question 12

Types of bone

Answer 12

Spongy
Compact

Question 13

Compact bone

Answer 13

Strong/weight bearing
Made of osteons

Question 14

Osteons

Answer 14

Central canal
Perforating canals
Lamellae
Lacunae
Canaliculi

Question 15

Central canal

Answer 15

Contains blood vessels and nerves

Question 16

Perforating canals

Answer 16

Contain blood vessels and nerves
Run perpendicular to and feed into central canal

Question 17

Lamellae

Answer 17

Rings of matrix around central canal

Question 18

Lacunae

Answer 18

Tiny cavities on the edge of Lamellae that contain osteocytes

Question 19

Canaliculi

Answer 19

Off of the lacunae
Slender channels that branch off and allow communication

Question 20

Spongy bone

Answer 20

Develops along stress lines
Lattice of rods spines and projections

Question 21

Bone shapes

Answer 21

Flat
Long
Short
Irregular

Question 22

Flat bone

Answer 22

Enclose and protect
Broad surfaces for muscle attachment
Ex. Cranial, ribs, scapula, sternum

Question 23

Long bones

Answer 23

Levers
Movement, blood production, storage
Ex. Arms, legs, phalanges, metacarpals, metatarsals

Question 24

Short bones

Answer 24

Limited motion
Bend in multiple directions
Ex. Tarsals and carpals

Question 25

Irregular bones

Answer 25

Vertebrae and sphenoid

Question 26

Ossification

Answer 26

Intramembranous
Endochondral

Question 27

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 27

Produces flat bones
Develop in fibrous sheet
Within a membrane

Question 28

Endochondral ossification

Answer 28

Produces long bones and most others
Develops off a cartilage model

Question 29

Parts of a long bone

Answer 29

Diaphysis
Epiphyses
Medullary cavity
Articular cartilage
Periosteum
Endosteum
Epiphyseal plate

Question 30

Diaphysis

Answer 30

Shaft (middle)
Hollow
Forms walls of medullary cavity

Question 31

Epiphyses

Answer 31

End of bone

Question 32

Medullary cavity

Answer 32

Where bone marrow is

Question 33

Articular cartilage

Answer 33

Made of hyaline
Covers epiphyses

Question 34

Periosteum

Answer 34

A layer that covers the bone
Provides strength
Important for growth and healing
Anchor for tendons and muscles
Outer layer- thin collagen
Inner layer- bone forming

Question 35

Endosteum

Answer 35

Reticular connective tissue lines medullary cavity

Question 36

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 36

Connection btw diaphysis and epiphysis
Made of hyaline and replaced with bone as we age