Skeletal System Flashcards
Types of bone marrow
Red
Yellow
Red bone marrow
Produces red blood cells
Kids bone marrow is all red blood cells
Yellow bone marrow
Fatty
Used for storage
Skeletal system functions
1 support
2 protection
3 movement
4 electrolyte balance
5 acid base balance
6 blood formation
Bone tissue composition
1/3 organic collagen
2/3 inorganic hydroxyapatite
Osseous
Bone
Types of bone cells
Osteogenic cells
Osteoblast
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Osteogenic cells
Stem cells
Found in endosteum
Mitotic
Osteoblasts
Form from Osteogenic
Non mitotic
Bone forming (use calcium from blood)
Osteocytes
Mature osteoblasts
Become trapped in the matrix and maintain homeostasis
Osteoclasts
Fusion of 4 stem cells
Release hydrochloric acid to dissolve matrix
Put calcium back in blood
Found in bone surface
Have ruffled borders
Types of bone
Spongy
Compact
Compact bone
Strong/weight bearing
Made of osteons
Osteons
Central canal
Perforating canals
Lamellae
Lacunae
Canaliculi
Central canal
Contains blood vessels and nerves
Perforating canals
Contain blood vessels and nerves
Run perpendicular to and feed into central canal
Lamellae
Rings of matrix around central canal
Lacunae
Tiny cavities on the edge of Lamellae that contain osteocytes
Canaliculi
Off of the lacunae
Slender channels that branch off and allow communication
Spongy bone
Develops along stress lines
Lattice of rods spines and projections
Bone shapes
Flat
Long
Short
Irregular
Flat bone
Enclose and protect
Broad surfaces for muscle attachment
Ex. Cranial, ribs, scapula, sternum
Long bones
Levers
Movement, blood production, storage
Ex. Arms, legs, phalanges, metacarpals, metatarsals
Short bones
Limited motion
Bend in multiple directions
Ex. Tarsals and carpals
Irregular bones
Vertebrae and sphenoid
Ossification
Intramembranous
Endochondral
Intramembranous ossification
Produces flat bones
Develop in fibrous sheet
Within a membrane
Endochondral ossification
Produces long bones and most others
Develops off a cartilage model
Parts of a long bone
Diaphysis
Epiphyses
Medullary cavity
Articular cartilage
Periosteum
Endosteum
Epiphyseal plate
Diaphysis
Shaft (middle)
Hollow
Forms walls of medullary cavity
Epiphyses
End of bone
Medullary cavity
Where bone marrow is
Articular cartilage
Made of hyaline
Covers epiphyses
Periosteum
A layer that covers the bone
Provides strength
Important for growth and healing
Anchor for tendons and muscles
Outer layer- thin collagen
Inner layer- bone forming
Endosteum
Reticular connective tissue lines medullary cavity
Epiphyseal plate
Connection btw diaphysis and epiphysis
Made of hyaline and replaced with bone as we age
