Upper Resp. Passageways- Nose, Nasal Cavity and Nasopharynx Flashcards
what does the respiratory system consist of (3) and their functions
- ancillary organs (passageways leading to and from the lungs)
- lungs (passageways leading to exchange tissue)
- diaphragm (muscle of resp., forms partition between the thorax and abdominal cavities)
what are the functions of the resp system
- gas exchange
- olfaction
- vocalization
- temp regulation
- acid base regulation
what are the nostrils divided by
philtrum
what type of skin is the nose
glandular, hairless, pigmented and grooved
how is the nose moistened
secretions by lacrimal glands (nasolacrimal duct) and lateral nasal glands (dog)
what is the blood supply to the nose
sphenopalatine artery (branch of maxillary artery)
what muscles influence the planum
muscles of facial expression
- superficial muscle levator nasolabialis
- deep muscle levator labii maxillaris
- muscle caninus
what is the motor supply to the planum
facial nerve
what is the sensory innveratio of the planum
infra-orbital nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve)
where to the nostrils lead to
nasal vestibule
what is the nasal vestibule supported by
cartilage
what divides the vestibule and the nasal cavity into two separate passageways
nasal septum
what are the conformations of the canine skull
- dolichocephalic
- mesaticephalic
- brachyecephalic
what are the lateral bony boundaries of the nasal cavity
- lacrimal
- incisive
- maxilla
- zygomatic
what are the ventral bony boundaries of the nasal cavity is
hard palate, maxilla
what are the rostral bony boundaries of the nasal cavity is
incisive, maxilla, palatine
what are the dorsal boundaries of the nasal cavity
nasal, frontal
what are the caudal bony boundaries of the nasal cavity
cribiform plate of ethmoidal bone
What are the mucosal folds in the nasal vestibule
- alar fold (largest)
- dorsal
- basal folds
what do the nasal conchae (turbinates) fill
fill each nasal cavity
what is the function of the nasal conchae
air conditioning
what is the caudal region of each nasal cavity
olfactory region
what are these structures
1 = nostrils and nasal vestibule
2 = nasal cavity (conchae/turbinate bones)
3 = ethmoidal conchae (olfactory region)
4 = frontal sinus
what are these structures
what are the nasal conchae (turbinate bones)
- dorsal and ventral conchae
- ethmoidal conchae (and middle concha)
what are the features of dorsal and ventral conchae
fragile scrolled bony networks covered in very vascular mucosa
what are the ethmoidal conchae and middle concha covered in
olfactory epithelium
name these structures
what are these structures
name these structures
what are these structures
- dorsal meatus (yellow)
- middle meatus (green)
- ventral and common meatus (red)
where does air flow in the dorsal meatus
towards olfactory epithelium
where is airflow directed in the middle meatus
directed to middle conchae and paranasal sinuses
where is airflow directed in the ventral and common meatus
onwards to nasopharynx
what is the vomeronasal organ
associated with ventral nasal meatus on either side of the nasal septum
filled with special olfactory mucosa
detect pheromones
what are the incisive ducts
incisive papilla links oral cavity to vomeronasal organs
appraisal of small amounts of fluid from oral cavity
what are the paranasal sinuses
air-filled space between the plates of bone which form the boundaries of the nasal cavity (frontal, maxillary, palatine, sphenoidal, lacrimal)
what is the function of the paranasal sinuses
communicate with the nasal cavity
lined with resp epithelium
what are the paranasal sinuses in carnivores
frontal
medial
rostral
what are the anatomical features of the frontal sinuses (4)
- several compartments
- midline partition
- each opens into nasal cavity between ethmoidal conchae
- mucosal lining is continuous with nasal cavity
what is the maxillary recess
not a true sinus
wide opening opposite 4th upper premolar
located in lateral nasal glandular epithelium
what are these structures
what are the functions of the paranasal sinuses (4)
- lighten head
- protect cranium
- increase area for muscular attachment without increase in weight of skull
- resonance function
what is the clinical relevance of the paranasal sinuses
infection/aspergillosis in dogs
what is the blood supply to the nose and the nasal cavity
- sphenopalatine artery
- ethmoidal artery
- major palatine artery
satellite veins
what is the nerve supply to the nose and nasal cavity
- trigeminal nerve (V): sensory to mucosa
- olfactory nerve (I): sensory to olfactory mucosa
what are the boundaries of the nasopharynx
- soft palate (ventral)
- palatopharyngeal arch (caudal)
- base of cranium (dorsal)
- position of internal nares choana (rostral)
what are these structures
what are the features of brachycephalic dogs soft palate
disproportionately long and rests over the entrance to the larynx causing respiratory difficulties
what are the functions and features of the openings of the auditory tubes
lead to tympanic bulla or middle ear
lined by respiratory epithelium (infection)
funtion: equalization of pressure
what are the features and functions of the pharyngeal tonsil
part of retro-pharyngeal lymph centre
lymphatic tissue (immunosurveillance)
loacted between 2 auditory openings
- opening of auditory tubes
- pharyngeal tonsil
what is the function of common pharynx
breathing and swallowing
how does the common pharynx function
pharngyeal muscles form the wall –> constrict, dilate and shorten
where does the esophagus lie relative to the larynx and trachea
lies caudal and dorsal to larnyx and trachea
what is the larynx supported by
the hyoid apparatus
swings larynx rostrally during swallowing –> the position of the aditus (entrance to the larynx) varies depending on species
what is the blood supply to the common pharynx (laryngopharynx)
what is the blood supply of the common pharynx
ascending pharyngeal artery
cranial laryngeal artery
what is the nerve supply to the common pharynx
- sensory: trigeminal n (V) and glossopharyngeal n (IX)
- motor: glossopharyngeal n (IX) and vagus n (X)
