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Module 9 > Upper Resp. Passageways- Nose, Nasal Cavity and Nasopharynx > Flashcards

Upper Resp. Passageways- Nose, Nasal Cavity and Nasopharynx Flashcards

1
Q

what does the respiratory system consist of (3) and their functions

A
  1. ancillary organs (passageways leading to and from the lungs)
  2. lungs (passageways leading to exchange tissue)
  3. diaphragm (muscle of resp., forms partition between the thorax and abdominal cavities)
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2
Q

what are the functions of the resp system

A
  1. gas exchange
  2. olfaction
  3. vocalization
  4. temp regulation
  5. acid base regulation
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3
Q

what are the nostrils divided by

A

philtrum

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4
Q

what type of skin is the nose

A

glandular, hairless, pigmented and grooved

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5
Q

how is the nose moistened

A

secretions by lacrimal glands (nasolacrimal duct) and lateral nasal glands (dog)

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6
Q

what is the blood supply to the nose

A

sphenopalatine artery (branch of maxillary artery)

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7
Q

what muscles influence the planum

A

muscles of facial expression

  1. superficial muscle levator nasolabialis
  2. deep muscle levator labii maxillaris
  3. muscle caninus
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8
Q

what is the motor supply to the planum

A

facial nerve

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9
Q

what is the sensory innveratio of the planum

A

infra-orbital nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve)

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10
Q

where to the nostrils lead to

A

nasal vestibule

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11
Q

what is the nasal vestibule supported by

A

cartilage

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12
Q

what divides the vestibule and the nasal cavity into two separate passageways

A

nasal septum

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13
Q

what are the conformations of the canine skull

A
  1. dolichocephalic
  2. mesaticephalic
  3. brachyecephalic
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14
Q

what are the lateral bony boundaries of the nasal cavity

A
  1. lacrimal
  2. incisive
  3. maxilla
  4. zygomatic
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15
Q

what are the ventral bony boundaries of the nasal cavity is

A

hard palate, maxilla

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16
Q

what are the rostral bony boundaries of the nasal cavity is

A

incisive, maxilla, palatine

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17
Q

what are the dorsal boundaries of the nasal cavity

A

nasal, frontal

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18
Q

what are the caudal bony boundaries of the nasal cavity

A

cribiform plate of ethmoidal bone

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19
Q

What are the mucosal folds in the nasal vestibule

A
  1. alar fold (largest)
  2. dorsal
  3. basal folds
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20
Q

what do the nasal conchae (turbinates) fill

A

fill each nasal cavity

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21
Q

what is the function of the nasal conchae

A

air conditioning

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22
Q

what is the caudal region of each nasal cavity

A

olfactory region

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23
Q

what are these structures

A

1 = nostrils and nasal vestibule

2 = nasal cavity (conchae/turbinate bones)

3 = ethmoidal conchae (olfactory region)

4 = frontal sinus

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24
Q

what are these structures

25
what are the nasal conchae (turbinate bones)
1. dorsal and ventral conchae 2. ethmoidal conchae (and middle concha)
26
what are the features of dorsal and ventral conchae
fragile scrolled bony networks covered in very vascular mucosa
27
what are the ethmoidal conchae and middle concha covered in
olfactory epithelium
28
name these structures
29
what are these structures
30
name these structures
31
what are these structures
1. dorsal meatus (yellow) 2. middle meatus (green) 3. ventral and common meatus (red)
32
where does air flow in the dorsal meatus
towards olfactory epithelium
33
where is airflow directed in the middle meatus
directed to middle conchae and paranasal sinuses
34
where is airflow directed in the ventral and common meatus
onwards to nasopharynx
35
what is the vomeronasal organ
associated with ventral nasal meatus on either side of the nasal septum filled with special olfactory mucosa detect pheromones
36
what are the incisive ducts
incisive papilla links oral cavity to vomeronasal organs appraisal of small amounts of fluid from oral cavity
37
what are the paranasal sinuses
air-filled space between the plates of bone which form the boundaries of the nasal cavity (frontal, maxillary, palatine, sphenoidal, lacrimal)
38
what is the function of the paranasal sinuses
communicate with the nasal cavity lined with resp epithelium
39
what are the paranasal sinuses in carnivores
frontal medial rostral
40
what are the anatomical features of the frontal sinuses (4)
1. several compartments 2. midline partition 3. each opens into nasal cavity between ethmoidal conchae 4. mucosal lining is continuous with nasal cavity
41
what is the maxillary recess
not a true sinus wide opening opposite 4th upper premolar located in lateral nasal glandular epithelium
42
what are these structures
43
what are the functions of the paranasal sinuses (4)
1. lighten head 2. protect cranium 3. increase area for muscular attachment without increase in weight of skull 4. resonance function
44
what is the clinical relevance of the paranasal sinuses
infection/aspergillosis in dogs
45
what is the blood supply to the nose and the nasal cavity
1. sphenopalatine artery 2. ethmoidal artery 3. major palatine artery satellite veins
46
what is the nerve supply to the nose and nasal cavity
1. trigeminal nerve (V): sensory to mucosa 2. olfactory nerve (I): sensory to olfactory mucosa
47
what are the boundaries of the nasopharynx
1. soft palate (ventral) 2. palatopharyngeal arch (caudal) 3. base of cranium (dorsal) 4. position of internal nares choana (rostral)
48
what are these structures
49
what are the features of brachycephalic dogs soft palate
disproportionately long and rests over the entrance to the larynx causing respiratory difficulties
50
what are the functions and features of the openings of the auditory tubes
lead to tympanic bulla or middle ear lined by respiratory epithelium (infection) funtion: equalization of pressure
51
what are the features and functions of the pharyngeal tonsil
part of retro-pharyngeal lymph centre lymphatic tissue (immunosurveillance) loacted between 2 auditory openings
52
1. opening of auditory tubes 2. pharyngeal tonsil
53
what is the function of common pharynx
breathing and swallowing
54
how does the common pharynx function
pharngyeal muscles form the wall --\> constrict, dilate and shorten
55
where does the esophagus lie relative to the larynx and trachea
lies caudal and dorsal to larnyx and trachea
56
what is the larynx supported by
the hyoid apparatus swings larynx rostrally during swallowing --\> the position of the aditus (entrance to the larynx) varies depending on species
57
what is the blood supply to the common pharynx (laryngopharynx)
58
what is the blood supply of the common pharynx
ascending pharyngeal artery cranial laryngeal artery
59
what is the nerve supply to the common pharynx
1. sensory: trigeminal n (V) and glossopharyngeal n (IX) 2. motor: glossopharyngeal n (IX) and vagus n (X)

Module 9 (43 decks)

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