Upper Resp. Passageways- Comparative Anatomy + Structure + Functional Characteristics Flashcards
how is resp. epithelium classified
pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells
what passageways are not lined by resp. epithelium
ethmoidal and middle conchae and vomernasal gland
how does resp epithelium air condition
- particulate matter is trapped in mucus sheet (produced by goblet cells + sub mucosal glands)
- mucus is wafted towards pharynx by cilia –> swallowed or experctorated
- submucosal serous glands moisten the inhaled air
- mucosa is highly vascular –> warms incoming hair
what are the structures of the respiratory epithelium
what are the cells in the olfactory epithelium
- olfactory receptor cells (green)
- bowmans gland (purple)
- supporting cells (red)
- basal cells (blue)
what are the functions of olfactory receptor cells
contian bipolar neurons –> apical pole carries a non-motile cilia with specific odorant binding receptors
unite to form an olfactory nerve which passes through the cribiform plate to terminate in olfactory bulb
what is the function of the bowmans gland in olfactory epithelium
secretion solubilizes incoming odorants and washes away excess
what is the function of supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium
metabolic and physical support to olfactory cells
what is the function of basal cells
stem cells –> can differentiate and replace olfactory receptor cells
what are the bony boundaries and palpable landmarks of the bovine
red = bony boundaries
yellow = palpable landmarks
what are the conchae in large/small ruminants
dorsal, ventral and ethmoidal conchae (middle very small)
what are the features of dorsal and ventral conchae
rostral –> scrolled part
caudal –> closed to form conchal sinus
what are these structures
how many compartments are in the frontal sinuses
rostral and caudal
when does invasion of cornual process occur in large ruminants
@6 months (cornual diverticulum)
what is the drainage of frontal sinus like in ruminants
poor
into nasal cavity via ethmoidal meatuses
worse when mucosa inflamed
what is the landmark for euthanasia in ruminants
frontal sinuses protect cranial cavity
bullet/captive bolt angle of penetration into brainstem
where are the roots of the upper cheek teeth embedded in
ventral floor of maxillary sinus
what does maxillary sinus communicate with and how in large ruminants
nasal cavity via nasomaxillary opening
where does the maxillary sinus extend to in large ruminants
medially to form the palatine sinus and caudally forms the lacrimal bulla (protrudes into orbit)
how is the nasopharynx divided
partial division of nasopharynx by pharyngeal septum
where is the pharyngeal tonsil located in ruminants
on caudal edge of pharyngeal septum
where are tubal tonsil located in ruminants
close to entrance of each auditory tubes
what are the parts listed
