Topographical Anatomy of Ventral Neck + Thoracic Cavity Flashcards
what is the trachea
flexible/non-collapsible tube
where does the trachea extend
cricoid cartilage (laynx) to the lungs (within the thoracic cavity)
where does the trachea lie
approx ventral and medial
what is the esophagus position relative to trachea
changes –> dorsal then to the left of the trachea at thoracic inlet
where does the trachea pass
through the thoracic inlet
splits into left and right principle bronchus above base of heart (~T5)
each bronchus enters the root of each lung
what is the wall of the trachea composed of
- mucosa: resp epithelium and submucosal glands
- fibro-cartilaginous layer
- adventitia (neck) or serosa (thorax)
what are the functions of hyaline cartilage rings
incomplete –> fail to meet dorsally
space is occupied by tracheal muscle –> allows free ends of cartilage to slightly allow the airways to dilate somewhat, more air into lower resp
histology of trachea
histology of trachea
identify the structures
- Oesophagus
- Sternothyrohyoid mm
- Sternocephalic mm
- External jugular vein
- Common carotid artery,
vagosymphathetic trunk
(internal jugular vein) within
Carotid sheath;
Recurrent laryngeal n.- out with sheath
- Superficial cervical lymph nodes
what contains the vagus nerve
carotid sheath –> contains vagus nerve –> moves through into different body cavities innervates intrinsic muscles of larynx sympathetic fibres travels upwards to innervate structures of the head of running alongside –> recurrent
what structures are associated with cervical trachea
- cricothyroid muscles and larynx
- thyroid + parathyroid glands
- carotid sheath: common carotid artery, vagosympathetic trunk (internal jugular vein)
- recurrent laryngeal nerve: lies out with the carotid sheath (independent)
what is the blood supply to the trachea
branch of common carotid artery (neck)
broncheoesophageal artery (thorax)
satellite veins
what is the nerve supply to the trachea
vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerve
sympathetic trunk and middle cervical ganglion
what are the clinical considerations to the trachea
- tracheal collapse: cervicothoracic region (inherited or acquired degeneration)
- tracheal diameter smaller in brachiocephalic breeds
what are theses structures associated with the trachea
what are the structures
what are the boundaries of the thoracic cavity
- cranial: thoracic inlet
- dorsal: thoracic vertebrae, dorsal parts of the ribs and the longus colli muscle
- lateral: the ribs, costal cartilages, and intercostal muscles
- ventral: sternum and transverse thoracis muscle
- caudal: diaphragm
what are the structures 1
- right auricle
- right ventricle
- left ventricle
- left atrium
- aorta
- trachea
what are the structures
- right ventricle
- left ventricle
- right atrium
- pulmonary trunk
what are the features of feline thoracic cavity n
narrower rostrally and broader caudally
what are the structures shown
what is each lung invested in and what else does it cover
serous membrane –> pleura
which also lines the corresponding half of the thoracic cavity
where do the pleural membranes sit
the space between the right and left sacs forms the mediastinum
what is the membrane the lines the lung directly
visceral or pulmonary pleura
what does the parietal pleura line
mediastinum
diaphragm
thoracic wall
what is the pleural cavity filled with
pleural fluid
what is the mediastinum
midline reflection of each pleural sac –> mediastinum
what are the organs and structures that lie within the mediastinum
- heart (within pericardial sac)
- trachea
- esophagus
- thymus
- great vessels and nerves (except the caudal vena cava, lies slightly right and travels within own pleural reflection)
- thoracic duct and lymph nodes
what are the organs and structures that lie outwith the mediastinum
- lungs (within pleural sacs)
- caudal vena cava (plus right phrenic nerve caudal to the heart) –> visible right lateral view
what are these structures and what view is this
dorsal view
