Comparative Lung Features + Diaphragm Flashcards
what does shape of the lungs depend on
shape depends on stage of respiration
what is the colour of lungs
pink/red = healthy
what is the weight of lungs
light/elastic/spongy/float
identify the lobes of the lung
what are the structures that enter the hilus of the lungs
pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
primary bronchus
how is the left lobe divided
the cranial lobe is divided into cranial and caudal
what are the features of the ruminant right lung
cranial (divided into cranial and caudal parts), middle, caudal and accessory lobes
tracheal bronchus present
what are the features of the left lung in the ruminant
smaller than right
cranial (divided into cranial and caudal) and caudal lobes
what is lobulation like in the ruminant
conspicuously lobulated –> visceral pleural covering
what are the lobes of the right lung of the pig lung
cranial (not split), middle, caudal, accessory
tracheal bronchus
which species are these and name the lobes
pig
right: cranial, middle, caudal, accessory
left: cranial (cranial and caudal) and caudal lobe
which species are these lungs and name the lobes
bovine
right: cranial (cranial and caudal), middle, caudal and accessory
left: cranial (cranial and caudal), and caudal lobe
what are the lobes of the right equine lung
cranial, caudal, accessory
no middle lobe
what are the lobes of the left equine lung
cranial/caudal
what is the lobulation like in the equine lung
minimal –> smooth
which species is this lung and what are the lobes
equine
right: cranial, caudal, accessory
left: cranial/caudal
what are these lymph nodes in the canine
cranial mediastinal nodes
tracheobronchial nodes (left, middle, right)
pulmonary group
where do the lymph nodes assocaited with the trachea and lungs drain to in the dog
middle (and caudal) mediastinal nodes and/or to the thoracic duct
what is the function of the diaphragm
primary muscle of inspiration
what is the diaphragm tissue
muscular and tendinous
what is the shape of the diaphragm
dome shape
convex on its thoracic surface (6th rib)
what is on the thoracic or cranial surface of the diaphragm
diaphragmatic pleura
what is on the abdominal or caudal surface of the diaphragm
peritoneum
what are the attachments of the diaphragm in the dog
costal: medial surface R8-13
sternal: xiphoid cartilage
lumbar: crura attach to ventral longitundinal ligament RC=L1-4, LC=L1-2
what are the regions of the diaphragm
what are the regions of the diaphragm
- muscular rim
- tendinous centre
how is the muscular rim divided
into 3 parts
lumbar, costal and sternal
what does the lumbar part of the muscular rim consist of
2 fan shaped muscles or crura (right and left)
what does the tendinous centre of the diaphragm form and where does it extend to
the most cranial part of the dome
extend under rib cage to 6th rib
what is the lumbocostal arch
located between costal and lumbar attachments of diaphragm
what separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities at the lumbocostal arch
connective tissue, pleura, peritoneum
what is the route taken by the sympathetic trunk and splanchnic nerves travel in the diaphragm
the lumbocostal arch
what are the foramina in the diaphragm
- aortic hiatus
- esophageal hiatus
- foramen vena cava (caval foramen)
where is the aortic hiatus and what runs through it
between the crura (L and R)
aorta, azygous vein and thoracic duct
where is the esophageal hiatus and what runs through it
ventral to aortic hiatus in the RC
esophagus, vagus nerves
weak (diaphragmatic hernia) and loose (passage of food)
where is the foramen vena cava and what runs through it
within the tendinous centre to the right of the midline
caudal vena cava
tight
identify the diaphragmatic foramina
identify the structures
what is the nerve supply of the diaphragm
R & L phrenic nerves
where does the phrenic nerve arise from and where does it run
ventral branches of C5, 6, 7 (cervical spinal fractures can affect)
runs across lateral walls of heart within mediastinum
what is the blood supply to the diaphragm
- musculophrenic artery (branch internal thoracic artery)
- caudal phrenic artery (branch of abdominal aorta) –> caudal surface of diaphragm
