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Module 9 > Comparative Lung Features + Diaphragm > Flashcards

Comparative Lung Features + Diaphragm Flashcards

1
Q

what does shape of the lungs depend on

A

shape depends on stage of respiration

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2
Q

what is the colour of lungs

A

pink/red = healthy

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3
Q

what is the weight of lungs

A

light/elastic/spongy/float

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4
Q

identify the lobes of the lung

A
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5
Q

what are the structures that enter the hilus of the lungs

A

pulmonary artery

pulmonary vein

primary bronchus

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6
Q

how is the left lobe divided

A

the cranial lobe is divided into cranial and caudal

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7
Q

what are the features of the ruminant right lung

A

cranial (divided into cranial and caudal parts), middle, caudal and accessory lobes

tracheal bronchus present

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8
Q

what are the features of the left lung in the ruminant

A

smaller than right

cranial (divided into cranial and caudal) and caudal lobes

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9
Q

what is lobulation like in the ruminant

A

conspicuously lobulated –> visceral pleural covering

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10
Q

what are the lobes of the right lung of the pig lung

A

cranial (not split), middle, caudal, accessory

tracheal bronchus

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11
Q

which species are these and name the lobes

A

pig

right: cranial, middle, caudal, accessory
left: cranial (cranial and caudal) and caudal lobe

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12
Q

which species are these lungs and name the lobes

A

bovine

right: cranial (cranial and caudal), middle, caudal and accessory
left: cranial (cranial and caudal), and caudal lobe

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13
Q

what are the lobes of the right equine lung

A

cranial, caudal, accessory

no middle lobe

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14
Q

what are the lobes of the left equine lung

A

cranial/caudal

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15
Q

what is the lobulation like in the equine lung

A

minimal –> smooth

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16
Q

which species is this lung and what are the lobes

A

equine

right: cranial, caudal, accessory
left: cranial/caudal

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17
Q

what are these lymph nodes in the canine

A

cranial mediastinal nodes

tracheobronchial nodes (left, middle, right)

pulmonary group

18
Q

where do the lymph nodes assocaited with the trachea and lungs drain to in the dog

A

middle (and caudal) mediastinal nodes and/or to the thoracic duct

19
Q

what is the function of the diaphragm

A

primary muscle of inspiration

20
Q

what is the diaphragm tissue

A

muscular and tendinous

21
Q

what is the shape of the diaphragm

A

dome shape

convex on its thoracic surface (6th rib)

22
Q

what is on the thoracic or cranial surface of the diaphragm

A

diaphragmatic pleura

23
Q

what is on the abdominal or caudal surface of the diaphragm

A

peritoneum

24
Q

what are the attachments of the diaphragm in the dog

A

costal: medial surface R8-13
sternal: xiphoid cartilage
lumbar: crura attach to ventral longitundinal ligament RC=L1-4, LC=L1-2

25
Q

what are the regions of the diaphragm

A
26
Q

what are the regions of the diaphragm

A
  1. muscular rim
  2. tendinous centre
27
Q

how is the muscular rim divided

A

into 3 parts

lumbar, costal and sternal

28
Q

what does the lumbar part of the muscular rim consist of

A

2 fan shaped muscles or crura (right and left)

29
Q

what does the tendinous centre of the diaphragm form and where does it extend to

A

the most cranial part of the dome

extend under rib cage to 6th rib

30
Q

what is the lumbocostal arch

A

located between costal and lumbar attachments of diaphragm

31
Q

what separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities at the lumbocostal arch

A

connective tissue, pleura, peritoneum

32
Q

what is the route taken by the sympathetic trunk and splanchnic nerves travel in the diaphragm

A

the lumbocostal arch

33
Q

what are the foramina in the diaphragm

A
  1. aortic hiatus
  2. esophageal hiatus
  3. foramen vena cava (caval foramen)
34
Q

where is the aortic hiatus and what runs through it

A

between the crura (L and R)

aorta, azygous vein and thoracic duct

35
Q

where is the esophageal hiatus and what runs through it

A

ventral to aortic hiatus in the RC

esophagus, vagus nerves

weak (diaphragmatic hernia) and loose (passage of food)

36
Q

where is the foramen vena cava and what runs through it

A

within the tendinous centre to the right of the midline

caudal vena cava

tight

37
Q

identify the diaphragmatic foramina

A
38
Q

identify the structures

A
39
Q

what is the nerve supply of the diaphragm

A

R & L phrenic nerves

40
Q

where does the phrenic nerve arise from and where does it run

A

ventral branches of C5, 6, 7 (cervical spinal fractures can affect)

runs across lateral walls of heart within mediastinum

41
Q

what is the blood supply to the diaphragm

A
  1. musculophrenic artery (branch internal thoracic artery)
  2. caudal phrenic artery (branch of abdominal aorta) –> caudal surface of diaphragm

Module 9 (43 decks)

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