Respiratory Pathology Flashcards
case: 14 yr old DSH presented with dyspnea. thoracic radiography revealed a pleural effusion. thoracocentesis performed and a smear prepared
what is the predominant cell type present?
- increase in leukocytes –> neutrophils mostly (degenerate neutrophils, puffy vacuulated, nucleus less defined), some monocytes
case: 14 yr old DSH presented with dyspnea. thoracic radiography revealed a pleural effusion. thoracocentesis performed and a smear prepared
is this an inflammatory effusion? if so classify the inflammation present
yes
acute (mostly neutrophils)
fluid would be yellow –> dead cells, pus
supprative pyothroax or neutrophilic inflammation
case: 14 yr old DSH presented with dyspnea. thoracic radiography revealed a pleural effusion. thoracocentesis performed and a smear prepared
can you see any more evidence to further clarify the cause?
bacteria –> should be in the cell (rod shape)
highly neutrophilic is likely bacteria
what type of inflammation does a parasitic infection cause
eosinophilic
what type of inflammation does a viral infection cause
chronic inflammatory cells (lymphocytic cells), can get secondary bacterial infections (ex. kennel cough)
A 6 year old springer spaniel was presented to the practice with a cervical mass. The mass felt fluid-filled on palpation and was painful. You undertake a fine needle aspirate of the mass and prepare a smear for examination.
- assess the cellularity of the smear (identify the cells)
pretty high
lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages –> mixed population
A 6 year old springer spaniel was presented to the practice with a cervical mass. The mass felt fluid-filled on palpation and was painful. You undertake a fine needle aspirate of the mass and prepare a smear for examination.
what name is suitable for this type of inflammatory response?
pyogranulomatous inflammation
A 6 year old springer spaniel was presented to the practice with a cervical mass. The mass felt fluid-filled on palpation and was painful. You undertake a fine needle aspirate of the mass and prepare a smear for examination.
what are the possible causes?
swelling on throat –> stick, foreign body, injection site reaction
A 13 year old cat is presented with respiratory distress. On examination both heart and lung sounds are muffled. Thoracic radiography reveals a pleural effusion. Thoracocentesis is performed.
- assess the cellularity of the smears and identify the cell types
high
macrophages are main type of cell present
A 13 year old cat is presented with respiratory distress. On examination both heart and lung sounds are muffled. Thoracic radiography reveals a pleural effusion. Thoracocentesis is performed.
- how would you classify this inflammatory process
chronic inflammation
identify the anatomical landmarks in lung
bronchioles, alveloi, alveolar walls, capillaries
what are the normal features of the lung
spongey, white alveolar air space, pink/purple
identify important feautres of this slide 13D
more pink, less transparent
identify the lesions
in lumen of airways –> RBCs (hemorrhage)
what are these cells 13D
lots of neutrophils
erythrocytes and pink pale material (fibrin)
alveolar macrophages present
identify the cells 13D
neutrophils
erythrocytes and pink pale material –> fibrin
alveolar macrophages
bacteria –> purple (very small)
what type of pneumonia is 13D
bronchopneumonia –> lots of inflammation
alveolar airspace is not clear/white –> full of neutrophils
bronchiole are dense
is 13D acute or chronic inflammation
acute –> mostly neutrophils
what could be the underlying cause (class of organism) of 13D
sitting in alveoli, bacteria colony, edema
alveolar macrophages increased because of bacteria
coccobacillus
identify these cells
identify the area of the lung affected and what type of pneumonia
cranioventral distribution
bronchopneumonia
identify the cells
identify the cells
identify the subgross features 13B
alveolar space is clear, structure maintained
bronchioles appear to be obstructed
clustered purple areas, multifactorial distribution
identify the cells/structures and findings
purple areas –> lined by stratified columnar epithelium –> bronchioles
surrounded by lymphocytes
inside airway –> inflammatory cells neutrophils (becoming degenerate), alveolar macrophages, edema fluid
alveolar cells are pretty clear
changes in bronchioles
identify what is occuring here
lymphoid cuffs around the bronchi and bronchioles
what is occuring here
neutrophils becoming degenerate, alveolar macrophages, edema fluid
alveolar cells are pretty clear
changes in bronchioles
what are the findings of 13B
inflammatory cells in airway –> bronchopneumonia
alveoli are clear but are surrounded by neutrophils
bronchioles are filled with neutrophils
what type of inflammation is 13B
chronic
antigenic stimulation longer to cause degree of inflammation
what is an underlying cause for 13B type of pneumonia
cuffing pneumonia (mycoplasma)
what type of pneumonia is this
chronic inflammation
This specimen was taken from a pig sent to an abattoir.
The farmer had noticed persistent coughing in this group of pigs,
as well as reduced weight gains, which had delayed fattening.
At the abattoir, the lungs of this pig had areas of purple
consolidation in the cranial lobes of both lungs, the middle lobe
of the right lung and the cranioventral parts of the caudal lobes
of both lungs. Approximately 25% of the total lung volume was
affected. The bronchial lymph nodes were also enlarged.
acute or chronic inflammation
hemorrhage, wetness (edema), swelling –> acute pneumonia
what is the route of entry
major area of consolidation is cranioventral –> inhalation
possible route of entry/
multifocal lesions all over the lungs –> hematogenous
acute or chronic inflammation
looks like pale mononuclear cells and dark lymphoid cells walling something off –> chronic
acute or chronic inflammation?
edema, hemorrhage, congested alveolar walls as well as fibrin and bacterial colonies –> acute
acute or chronic inflammation?
acute
alveoli packed with neutrophils
many of neutrophils are necrotic –> taken on appearance of oat grains (“oat cells”)
fluminant fibrinous and suppurative acute pneumonias –> Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni
what is cuffing syndrome called in pigs and sheep?
mycoplasma ovipneumonia = ovine
mycoplasma hyopneumonia = porcine
