Respiratory Pathology

Question 1

case: 14 yr old DSH presented with dyspnea. thoracic radiography revealed a pleural effusion. thoracocentesis performed and a smear prepared

what is the predominant cell type present?

Answer 1

1. increase in leukocytes –> neutrophils mostly (degenerate neutrophils, puffy vacuulated, nucleus less defined), some monocytes

Question 2

case: 14 yr old DSH presented with dyspnea. thoracic radiography revealed a pleural effusion. thoracocentesis performed and a smear prepared

is this an inflammatory effusion? if so classify the inflammation present

Answer 2

yes

acute (mostly neutrophils)

fluid would be yellow –> dead cells, pus

supprative pyothroax or neutrophilic inflammation

Question 3

case: 14 yr old DSH presented with dyspnea. thoracic radiography revealed a pleural effusion. thoracocentesis performed and a smear prepared

can you see any more evidence to further clarify the cause?

Answer 3

bacteria –> should be in the cell (rod shape)

highly neutrophilic is likely bacteria

Question 4

what type of inflammation does a parasitic infection cause

Answer 4

eosinophilic

Question 5

what type of inflammation does a viral infection cause

Answer 5

chronic inflammatory cells (lymphocytic cells), can get secondary bacterial infections (ex. kennel cough)

Question 6

A 6 year old springer spaniel was presented to the practice with a cervical mass. The mass felt fluid-filled on palpation and was painful. You undertake a fine needle aspirate of the mass and prepare a smear for examination.

1. assess the cellularity of the smear (identify the cells)

Answer 6

pretty high

lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages –> mixed population

Question 7

A 6 year old springer spaniel was presented to the practice with a cervical mass. The mass felt fluid-filled on palpation and was painful. You undertake a fine needle aspirate of the mass and prepare a smear for examination.

what name is suitable for this type of inflammatory response?

Answer 7

pyogranulomatous inflammation

Question 8

A 6 year old springer spaniel was presented to the practice with a cervical mass. The mass felt fluid-filled on palpation and was painful. You undertake a fine needle aspirate of the mass and prepare a smear for examination.

what are the possible causes?

Answer 8

swelling on throat –> stick, foreign body, injection site reaction

Question 9

A 13 year old cat is presented with respiratory distress. On examination both heart and lung sounds are muffled. Thoracic radiography reveals a pleural effusion. Thoracocentesis is performed.

1. assess the cellularity of the smears and identify the cell types

Answer 9

high

macrophages are main type of cell present

Question 10

A 13 year old cat is presented with respiratory distress. On examination both heart and lung sounds are muffled. Thoracic radiography reveals a pleural effusion. Thoracocentesis is performed.

2. how would you classify this inflammatory process

Answer 10

chronic inflammation

Question 11

identify the anatomical landmarks in lung

Answer 11

bronchioles, alveloi, alveolar walls, capillaries

Question 12

what are the normal features of the lung

Answer 12

spongey, white alveolar air space, pink/purple

Question 13

identify important feautres of this slide 13D

Answer 13

more pink, less transparent

Question 14

identify the lesions

Answer 14

in lumen of airways –> RBCs (hemorrhage)

Question 15

what are these cells 13D

Answer 15

lots of neutrophils

erythrocytes and pink pale material (fibrin)

alveolar macrophages present

Question 16

identify the cells 13D

Answer 16

neutrophils

erythrocytes and pink pale material –> fibrin

alveolar macrophages

bacteria –> purple (very small)

Question 17

what type of pneumonia is 13D

Answer 17

bronchopneumonia –> lots of inflammation

alveolar airspace is not clear/white –> full of neutrophils

bronchiole are dense

Question 18

is 13D acute or chronic inflammation

Answer 18

acute –> mostly neutrophils

Question 19

what could be the underlying cause (class of organism) of 13D

Answer 19

sitting in alveoli, bacteria colony, edema

alveolar macrophages increased because of bacteria

coccobacillus

Question 20

identify these cells

Answer 20

Question 21

identify the area of the lung affected and what type of pneumonia

Answer 21

cranioventral distribution

bronchopneumonia

Question 22

identify the cells

Answer 22

Question 23

identify the cells

Answer 23

Question 24

identify the subgross features 13B

Answer 24

alveolar space is clear, structure maintained

bronchioles appear to be obstructed

clustered purple areas, multifactorial distribution

Question 25

identify the cells/structures and findings

Answer 25

purple areas --\> lined by stratified columnar epithelium --\> bronchioles surrounded by lymphocytes inside airway --\> inflammatory cells neutrophils (becoming degenerate), alveolar macrophages, edema fluid alveolar cells are pretty clear changes in bronchioles

Question 26

identify what is occuring here

Answer 26

lymphoid cuffs around the bronchi and bronchioles

Question 27

what is occuring here

Answer 27

neutrophils becoming degenerate, alveolar macrophages, edema fluid alveolar cells are pretty clear changes in bronchioles

Question 28

what are the findings of 13B

Answer 28

inflammatory cells in airway --\> bronchopneumonia alveoli are clear but are surrounded by neutrophils bronchioles are filled with neutrophils

Question 29

what type of inflammation is 13B

Answer 29

chronic antigenic stimulation longer to cause degree of inflammation

Question 30

what is an underlying cause for 13B type of pneumonia

Answer 30

cuffing pneumonia (mycoplasma)

Question 31

what type of pneumonia is this

Answer 31

chronic inflammation This specimen was taken from a pig sent to an abattoir. The farmer had noticed persistent coughing in this group of pigs, as well as reduced weight gains, which had delayed fattening. At the abattoir, the lungs of this pig had areas of purple consolidation in the cranial lobes of both lungs, the middle lobe of the right lung and the cranioventral parts of the caudal lobes of both lungs. Approximately 25% of the total lung volume was affected. The bronchial lymph nodes were also enlarged.

Question 32

acute or chronic inflammation

Answer 32

hemorrhage, wetness (edema), swelling --\> **acute pneumonia**

Question 33

what is the route of entry

Answer 33

major area of consolidation is **cranioventral --\> inhalation**

Question 34

possible route of entry/

Answer 34

multifocal lesions all over the lungs --\> hematogenous

Question 35

acute or chronic inflammation

Answer 35

looks like pale mononuclear cells and dark lymphoid cells walling something off --\> **chronic**

Question 36

acute or chronic inflammation?

Answer 36

edema, hemorrhage, congested alveolar walls as well as fibrin and bacterial colonies --\> **acute**

Question 37

acute or chronic inflammation?

Answer 37

**acute** alveoli packed with neutrophils many of neutrophils are necrotic --\> taken on appearance of oat grains ("oat cells") fluminant fibrinous and suppurative acute pneumonias --\> Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni

Question 38

what is cuffing syndrome called in pigs and sheep?

Answer 38

mycoplasma ovipneumonia = ovine mycoplasma hyopneumonia = porcine