Larynx Structure & Function Flashcards
what are the functions of the larynx
- gaurds entrance to trachea during swallowing
- regulates amount of air entering lower respiratory passageways
- vocalization
what is the larynx
short muscular/cartilagenous organ which leads to the trachea
what is the larynx attached by
hyoid apparatus to cranium between the rami of mandibles
where is the entrance of the larynx
situated ventrally in common pharynx at base of tongue (except horse)
what are the dorsal relations of larynx
esophagus - base of skull - atlas
what are the ventral relations of the larynx
ventral muscles of neck - skin
what are the bones in the hyoid apparatus
stylohyoid
epihyoid
ceratohyoid
basihyoid
thryohyoid
what are the 5 laryngeal cartilages (hyoid apparatus and larynx articulations)
- thyrohyoid articulation
- thyro-epiglottic attachment
- cricothyroid articulation
- cricoarytenoid articulation
what are the 5 larynx cartilages
- epiglottic
- thyroid
3,4. paired arytenoid
- cricoid
what is shown here
hyoid apparatus, larynx and some of the cartilages, trachae
what is the shape of the epiglottis cartilage
leaf life in dogs
more rounded in bovine
what does the epiglottis cartilage articulate with
thyroid cartilage –> thyro-epiglottic attachment
how does the epiglottis cartilage move during swallowing
tips caudally during swallowing –> doesn’t close the entrance to larynx
what does the epiglottis cartilage consit of
elastic cartilage
what is the shape of thyroid carilage
U shaped: 2 lateral plates fuse ventrally
what does the thyroid carilage articulate with
thyrohyoid bone and arch of cricoid cartilage –> thyrohyoid articulation
what is the shape of the cricoid cartilage
signet ring (wide dorsally, narrow ventrally)
what is the function of cricoid cartilage
stabilizing role
what does cricoid cartilage articulate with
arytenoids and thyroid cartilage –> cricothyroid articulation and cricoarytenoid articulation
what is the cricoid cartilage linked by
cricotracheal ligament to trachea
what does cricoid cartilage consist of
hyaline cartilage (ossifies with age)
what is the shape of the arytenoid cartilage
paired
irregular form –> pyramidal
where is the arytenoid cartilages
situated dorsal and medial to lateral laminae of the thyroid cartilage
what is the vocal process
supports vocal fold and contributes to the glottis
what are the arytenoid cartilages made up of
hyaline cartilage
what is the corniculate processes
irregular
supports the aryepiglottic folds (contributes to the formation of the aditus)
what is the cuneiform processes
present in horses, dogs and pigs
contributes to the vestibular folds in these species
what is the laryngeal aditus
entrance to larynx
how is the laryngeal aditus formed
by epiglottis, corniculate process of the arytenoid cartilages and aryepiglottic folds
what are these structures
name the structures
area A = vestibule
area B = glottis (glottic cleft/rima glottidis) controls the amount of air entering trachea
area C = infraglottic cavity = leads to trachea
what laryngeal regions are present in the eqiune dog and pig
lateral recess (ventricle) - 6
median recess
what is the narrowest part of the larynx
glottis
what is the glottis formed by
vocal process of arytenoid cartilages, vocal folds and their attachments to the thyroid cartilage
what does the glottis control
the amount of air entering the trachea
closed during swallowing
