Larynx Structure & Function Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the larynx

A
  1. gaurds entrance to trachea during swallowing
  2. regulates amount of air entering lower respiratory passageways
  3. vocalization
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2
Q

what is the larynx

A

short muscular/cartilagenous organ which leads to the trachea

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3
Q

what is the larynx attached by

A

hyoid apparatus to cranium between the rami of mandibles

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4
Q

where is the entrance of the larynx

A

situated ventrally in common pharynx at base of tongue (except horse)

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5
Q

what are the dorsal relations of larynx

A

esophagus - base of skull - atlas

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6
Q

what are the ventral relations of the larynx

A

ventral muscles of neck - skin

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7
Q

what are the bones in the hyoid apparatus

A

stylohyoid

epihyoid

ceratohyoid

basihyoid

thryohyoid

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8
Q

what are the 5 laryngeal cartilages (hyoid apparatus and larynx articulations)

A
  1. thyrohyoid articulation
  2. thyro-epiglottic attachment
  3. cricothyroid articulation
  4. cricoarytenoid articulation
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9
Q

what are the 5 larynx cartilages

A
  1. epiglottic
  2. thyroid

3,4. paired arytenoid

  1. cricoid
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10
Q

what is shown here

A

hyoid apparatus, larynx and some of the cartilages, trachae

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11
Q

what is the shape of the epiglottis cartilage

A

leaf life in dogs

more rounded in bovine

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12
Q

what does the epiglottis cartilage articulate with

A

thyroid cartilage –> thyro-epiglottic attachment

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13
Q

how does the epiglottis cartilage move during swallowing

A

tips caudally during swallowing –> doesn’t close the entrance to larynx

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14
Q

what does the epiglottis cartilage consit of

A

elastic cartilage

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15
Q

what is the shape of thyroid carilage

A

U shaped: 2 lateral plates fuse ventrally

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16
Q

what does the thyroid carilage articulate with

A

thyrohyoid bone and arch of cricoid cartilage –> thyrohyoid articulation

17
Q

what is the shape of the cricoid cartilage

A

signet ring (wide dorsally, narrow ventrally)

18
Q

what is the function of cricoid cartilage

A

stabilizing role

19
Q

what does cricoid cartilage articulate with

A

arytenoids and thyroid cartilage –> cricothyroid articulation and cricoarytenoid articulation

20
Q

what is the cricoid cartilage linked by

A

cricotracheal ligament to trachea

21
Q

what does cricoid cartilage consist of

A

hyaline cartilage (ossifies with age)

22
Q

what is the shape of the arytenoid cartilage

A

paired

irregular form –> pyramidal

23
Q

where is the arytenoid cartilages

A

situated dorsal and medial to lateral laminae of the thyroid cartilage

24
Q

what is the vocal process

A

supports vocal fold and contributes to the glottis

25
what are the arytenoid cartilages made up of
hyaline cartilage
26
what is the corniculate processes
irregular supports the aryepiglottic folds (contributes to the formation of the aditus)
27
what is the cuneiform processes
present in horses, dogs and pigs contributes to the vestibular folds in these species
28
what is the laryngeal aditus
entrance to larynx
29
how is the laryngeal aditus formed
by epiglottis, corniculate process of the arytenoid cartilages and aryepiglottic folds
30
what are these structures
31
name the structures
area A = vestibule area B = glottis (glottic cleft/rima glottidis) controls the amount of air entering trachea area C = infraglottic cavity = leads to trachea
32
what laryngeal regions are present in the eqiune dog and pig
lateral recess (ventricle) - 6 median recess
33
what is the narrowest part of the larynx
glottis
34
what is the glottis formed by
vocal process of arytenoid cartilages, vocal folds and their attachments to the thyroid cartilage
35
what does the glottis control
the amount of air entering the trachea closed during swallowing