Upper and Lower Limb Flashcards
5 structures that go through carpal tunnel
flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, median nerve, flexor carpi radialis, flexor pollicis longus
explain carpal tunnel syndrome
tunnel decreases In size or structure sizes increase
the median nerve is most sensitive so you usually have tingling and diminished sensation in your lateral 3 digits
sufferers usually can’t oppose fingers
features of palmar aponeurosis
deep fascia in a triangle shape of the palm
continuous with palmaris longus tendon and flexor retinaculum
features of flexor and extensor retinaculum
transverse band in the rest that helps keep the tendons and nerves in place
features of dupuytrens contracture
disease where the palmar aponeurosis shortens and thickens
usually bilaterally
causes medial fingers to be bent
features of synovial tendon sheaths
longitudinal bursae that surround tendons
filled with synovial fluid
protects tenants in high stress regions like your digits
features of glenoid labrum
ring-like fibrocartilaginous tissue found on the outside of the glenoid cavity
helps to secure the humeral head
features of peripheral nerves
consist of axons of many neurons bound together by connective tissue
innervate major of structures in body
1.)
anterior root
2.)
spinal nerve
3.)
posterior root
4.)
sensory neuron
5.)
anterior and posterior rami
8.)
ramus communicans
9.)
sympathetic chain ganglion
what is a nerve plexus
when the anterior rami merge to form complicated networks of nerves
1.)
cervical plexus
2.)
brachial plexus
3.)
lumbar plexus
4.)
sacral plexus
1.)
C5
2.)
C6
3.)
C7
4.)
C8
5.)
T1
6.)
musculocutaenous
7.)
lateral root
8.)
axillary
9.)
radial root
10.)
medial root
11.)
median
12.)
ulnar
1.)
axillary nerve; C5-C6
2.)
radial nerve; C5-T1
3.)
musculocutenous nerve; C5-C7
4.)
median nerve: C5-T1
5.)
ulnar nerve: C8-T1
where does the cervical plexus innervate (cutaneous)
shoulder, upper chest, and neck
where does the brachial plexus innervate (cutaneous)
lateral arm
where does the lumbar plexus innervate (cutaneous)
anterior lower leg
where does the sacral plexus innervate (cutaneous)
posterior lower leg
where does the cervical plexus innervate (motor)
sternocleidomastoid
where does the brachial plexus innervate (motor)
upper arm
where does the lumbar plexus innervate (motor)
anterior thigh
where does the sacral plexus innervate (motor)
anterior lower leg and all of posterior leg
explain erb-duchenne palsy
upper brachial plexus injury around C5-C6 caused by excessive stretching of neck
causes medially rotation of the arm and “waiter’s tip” hand
explain klumpke paralysis
inferior brachial plexus injury around C8-T1
caused by upper arm being suddenly pulled
causes claw hand and wasting of forearm muscle
explain fracture of humerus
fracture of surgical neck of humerus
can injury the axillary nerve that is surrounding it
pectoralis muscle pulls shaft of humerus up and medially
explain features of dermatomes
skin is divided into different segments based on spinal nerve that supplies the region with somatic sensation
used to test integrity of sensory pathway
C2-S5
explain features of myotomes
map of the group of muscles that are innervated by a specific single nerve root
used to test integrity of spinal cord
brachiocephalic artery splits into:
right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery
right common carotid artery supplies:
right side of head and neck
right subclavian artery supplies:
right upper limb and thorax
left common carotid artery supplies:
left side of head and neck
left subclavian artery supplies:
left upper limb and thorax
branches of descending thoracic artery supply:
thoracic structures
descending abdominal aorta branches supply:
abdominal viscera
descending abdominal aorta splits into:
right and left common iliac arteries
right and left common iliac artery split into:
internal and external iliac arteries at L4
internal iliac arteries supply:
pelvic structures
external iliac arteries supply:
lower limbs
1.)
left coronary artery
2.)
right coronary artery
3.)
brachiocephalic artery
4.)
right subclavian artery
5.)
right common carotid artery
6.)
left common carotid artery
7.)
left subclavian artery
1.)
descending thoracic aorta
2.)
descending abdominal aorta
3.)
right common iliac artery
4.)
right external iliac artery
5.)
right internal iliac artery
6.)
left internal iliac artery
7.)
left common iliac artery
8.)
left external iliac artery
1.)
axillary artery
2.)
brachial artery
brachial artery splits into:
radial artery and ulnar artery
features of the interosseous artery
artery that forms as a branch of the ulnar artery
found in-between the radius and ulna
ulnar artery divides into:
deep palmar arch and superficial palmar arch
superficial palmar arch gives rise to:
common palmar digital arteries and proper palmar digital arteries
1.)
deep palmar arch
2.)
superficial palmar arch
3.)
proper palmar digital arteries
4.)
common palmar digital arteries
what veins merge to form superior vena cava
brachiocephalic veins
function of brachiocephalic veins
receives deoxygenated blood from structures superior to the diaphragm
drain into superior vena cava
1.)
cephalic vein
2.)
basilic vein
3.)
median cubital vein
4.)
median antebrachial vein
5.)
palmar venous arches
6.)
ulnar vein
7.)
radial vein
8.)
brachial vein
9.)
axillary vein
what makes up the pelvis
2 pelvic bones, sacrum, and coccyx
what three parts make up the coxal bones?
illium, ischium, and pubis
1.)
iliac fossa
2.)
illium
3.)
pubis
4.)
ischium
6.)
anterior superior iliac spine
7.)
iliac crest
8.)
sacroiliac joint
1.)
posterior superior iliac spine
2.)
greater sciatic notch
3.)
ischial body
4.)
ischial spine
5.)
lesser sciatic notch
6.)
ischial ramus
7.)
ischial tuberosity
8.)
obturator foramen
9.)
pubic body
10.)
acetabulum
what is the acetabulum labrum?
fibrocartilage rim attached to margin or acetabulum
