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Human Anatomy Lecture > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

what are the superior and inferior boarders of what is considered the neck

A

superior: mandible
inferior: clavicles/suprasternal notch

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2
Q

what passes through the transverse foramen of C7

A

vertebral vein (not artery)

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3
Q

what is another name for the C7 vertebra

A

vertebra prominens

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4
Q

at what level will you find the hyoid bone

A

C3

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5
Q

what structures suspend the hyoid bone

A

styloid process, larynx, sternum, and mandible

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6
Q

what are the 2 main functions of the hyoid bone

A

swallowing and speech

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7
Q

1.)

A

greater horn

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8
Q

2.)

A

lesser horn

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9
Q

3.)

A

body of hyoid bone

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10
Q

explain the features of a fracture of the hyoid bone

A

caused by manual strangulation (ligature)
causes fracture of thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone, strap muscle hemorrhage, bruising of larynx muscles, and petechial hemorrhages in eyes
prevents swallowing and can cause aspiration pneumonia

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11
Q

what is the tubercle on the clavicle

A

conoid tubercle

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12
Q

what is the platysma and where is it found

A

“shaving muscle” found in the anterolateral neck

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13
Q

paralysis of which muscle can cause sagging of the neck

A

platysma

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14
Q

what is the deep cervical fascia

A

fascia layer beneath the superficial fascia or hypodermis of neck
contains the carotid sheath

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15
Q

what are the four main components of the carotid sheath

A

common carotid arteries
internal carotid arteries
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve

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16
Q

1.)

A

sternocleidomastoid region (A)

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17
Q

triangles E, B, 2 and 3

A

posterior cervical region

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18
Q

triangles 4,5,6, and 7

A

anterior cervical region

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19
Q

9.)

A

submandibular triangle

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20
Q

10.)

A

submental triangle

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21
Q

11.)

A

carotid triangle

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22
Q

12.)

A

muscular triangle

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23
Q

what are the four boarders of the anterior triangle (anterior cervical region)

A

base of mandible, ventral midline, sternocleidomastoid, and investing and pre-tracheal fascia

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24
Q

which triangle, anterior or posterior, would be used in a surgical approach for the larynx, trachea, thyroid, and carotid arteries

A

anterior triangle

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25
Q

what are the three boarders of the posterior triangle (lateral cervical region)

A

sternocleidomastoid, middle 3rd of clavicle, and anterior margin of trapezius

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26
Q

which triangle, anterior or posterior, would be used to access vasculature and be home to the subclavian artery pressure point

A

posterior triangle

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27
Q

what is the purpose of the thyroid gland

A

to secrete thyroid hormone and calcitonin

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28
Q

what does thyroid hormone do

A

regulate growth and metabolism

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29
Q

what does calcitonin do

A

lowers calcium levels if they get too high

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30
Q

how much does a thyroid gland weigh in female and male adults

A

female: 14 grams
male: 25 grams

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31
Q

how is the thyroid divided

A

into upper, middle, and lower poles

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32
Q

when does the thyroid gland enlarge in females

A

during menstruation and pregnancy

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33
Q

what do parathyroid glands do

A

causes its chief cells to secrete parathyroid hormone

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34
Q

what does parathyroid hormone do

A

causes more calcium secretion if levels get too low

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35
Q

what is the net weight of the 3-5 parathyroid glands on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland

A

125 milligrams

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36
Q

explain the features of a pyramidal lobe

A

lobe found in 50% of thyroid glands
forms when the thyroglossal duct does not regress after 8-10 weeks in utero

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37
Q

4 muscles that move the head and neck

A

sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, trapezius, and splenius capitis

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38
Q

4 muscles that push food to the back of the oral cavity

A

suprahyoid muscles: digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid

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39
Q

how do the suprahyoid muscles push food to the back of the oral cavity

A

elevate hyoid bone and raise the tongue and floor of mouth

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40
Q

1.)

A

mylohyoid

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41
Q

2.)

A

digastric

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42
Q

3.)

A

stylohyoid

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43
Q

4.

A

geniohyoid

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44
Q

4 muscles that push food into the esophagus

A

infrahyoid (strap) muscles: sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and omohyoid

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45
Q

how do the infrahyoid (strap) muscles push food into the esophagus

A

depress hyoid and pharynx

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46
Q

1.)

A

sternohyoid

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47
Q

2.)

A

sternothyroid

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48
Q

3.)

A

thyrohyoid

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49
Q

4.)

A

omohyoid

50
Q

what are some features of the omohyoid muscle

A

has a superior and inferior belly with intermediate tendon
attaches to scapula and hyoid bone

51
Q

where does arterial supply to head and neck come from

A

comes mainly from right and left common carotid arteries but also form subclavian arteries

52
Q

what do your common carotid arteries split into at C4

A

internal and external carotid arteries

53
Q

what does the external carotid artery supply

A

supplies superficial structures of head and face

54
Q

what does the internal carotid artery supply

A

supplies brain

55
Q

where is plaque most likely to build up in vasculature

A

at bifurcations

56
Q

what is the carotid sinus and what does it do

A

dilation at base of internal carotid artery
baroreceptor that detects change in systemic blood pressure

57
Q

what does the superior thyroid artery supply

A

thyroid gland and anterior neck structures

58
Q

what does the lingual artery supply

A

tongue

59
Q

what does the facial artery supply

A

face

60
Q

what does the occipital artery supply

A

posterior scalp

61
Q

what terminal branches does the external carotid artery split into

A

maxillary artery and superficial temporal artery

62
Q

what does the maxillary artery supply

A

deeper structures of the face like teeth, gums and nasal cavity

63
Q

what does the superficial temporal artery supply

A

lateral side of head, most of scalp, and parotid salivary gland in lateral cheeck

64
Q

1.)

A

superior temporal artery

65
Q

2.)

A

maxillary artery

66
Q

3.)

A

occipital artery

67
Q

4.)

A

facial artery

68
Q

5.)

A

lingual artery

69
Q

6.)

A

external carotid artery

70
Q

7.)

A

internal carotid artery

71
Q

8.)

A

superior thyroid artery

72
Q

9.)

A

common carotid artery

73
Q

11.) (near jaw)

A

ascending pharyngeal artery

74
Q

11.) (on skull)

A

posterior auricular artery

75
Q

where do the vertebral arteries branch from

A

subclavian arteries

76
Q

what do the vertebral arteries supply

A

the brain and spinal cord via the anterior and posterior spinal arteries

77
Q

1.)

A

basilar artery

78
Q

2.)

A

circle of willis

79
Q

what do the inferior thyroid arteries supply

A

posterior aspect of thyroid

80
Q

where do the inferior thyroid arteries branch from

A

thyrocervical trunk

81
Q

where does the thyrocervical trunk branch from

A

subclavian arteries

82
Q

what drains into the brachiocephalic veins

A

most veins superior to diaphragm

83
Q

what are the three main veins that drain the head and neck

A

internal jugular
vertebral veins
external jugular vein

84
Q

what does the external jugular vein drain

A

scalp, face, and neck

85
Q

what vein runs anterior and superior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

external jugular vein

86
Q

what three veins drain into the internal and external jugular veins

A

superficial temporal, facial, and maxillary veins

87
Q

1.)

A

vertebral vein

88
Q

2.)

A

external jugular vein

89
Q

3.)

A

internal jugular vein

90
Q

4.)

A

right subclavian vein

91
Q

5.)

A

superficial temporal vein

92
Q

6.)

A

maxillary vein

93
Q

7.)

A

facial vein

94
Q

explain features of external jugular vein distension

A

visible bulging of the external jugular veins
can be caused by anything that causes compression
compression leads to back up which causes bulging

95
Q

which veins serve as an internal barometer to assess central venous pressure

A

internal and external jugular veins

96
Q

what are the three functions of the larynx starting with most important

A

protection, respiratory, and phonation (sound)

97
Q

what are some features of the thyroid cartilage

A

unpaired shield like piece of cartilage forming the anterior and superior walls of the larynx
connected to the hyoid bone and to cricoid cartilage by fibrous membrane
called an Adam’s apple when it protrudes anteriorly

98
Q

what are some features of the epiglottis

A

unpaired piece of cartilage on the backside of the thyroid cartilage
only base is attached and is attached to thyroid cartilage

99
Q

what are some features of the glottis

A

opening formed by the free edge of the epiglottis
keeps food from entering lungs

100
Q

what are some features of cricoid cartilage

A

unpaired section of cartilage found inferior to the thyroid cartilage
connected to thyroid by cricothyroid ligament

101
Q

where in the neck would you place a tube to provide an emergency airway

A

through the cricothyroid ligament

102
Q

what are the three paired cartilages of the larynx

A

arytenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform

103
Q

what is the function of the arytenoid and corniculate cartilages

A

sound production

104
Q

what is the function of the cuneiform cartilage

A

found in the lateral walls of larynx to support epiglottis when it’s closing

105
Q

what are some features of the vestibular folds (false vocal cords)

A

extend from arytenoid to thyroid cartilages
close off glottis during swallowing
does not play a role in sound production

106
Q

what are some features of the vocal folds (true vocal cords)

A

inferior to vestibular folds
attached to arytenoid and thyroid cartilages
vibrate to produce sound when air passes over them

107
Q

what are the laryngeal ventricles

A

lateral recesses between folds

108
Q

what is the rima glottidis

A

opening between vocal folds

109
Q

what is the glottis

A

opening between vocal fold and vocal process

110
Q

what is the aryepiglottic fold

A

mucous membrane that directs food away from our lungs by adding stiffness to the fold

111
Q

what is the piriform fossa

A

small depression of laryngopharyngeal cavity where a foreign body can lodge
laryngeal nerves lie deep to this area

112
Q

1.)

A

thyroid cartilage

113
Q

2.)

A

cricothyroid ligament

114
Q

3.)

A

cricoid cartilage

115
Q

1.)

A

cuneiform cartilage

116
Q

2.)

A

corniculate cartilage

117
Q

3.)

A

arytenoid cartilage

118
Q

1.)

A

epiglottis

119
Q

2.)

A

aryepiglottic fold

120
Q

3.)

A

vestibular fold

121
Q

4.)

A

vocal fold

Human Anatomy Lecture (18 decks)

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