Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Human Anatomy Lecture > Neuroanatomy 3 > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what gland is found within the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

A

pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the two regions of the pituitary gland

A

adenophypophysis (anterior pituitary) and neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define secrete

A

process of producing and storing hormones in endocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define release

A

releasing stored hormones as needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the 6 hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary

A

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, PRL, and GH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the 2 hormones released by the posterior pituitary

A

oxytocin and ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what vessel system does the pituitary gland use

A

hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system
2 capillaries, one vein
supplied mostly by veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which portion of the pituitary gland, anterior or posterior, makes up 20% of the gland and is mostly made up of neurons

A

posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

explain Simmond’s disease (pituitary cachexia)

A

something such as a serve burn or excessive blood loss causes a fall in blood pressure (shock)
shock causes pituitary to stop secreting most or all of the pituitary hormones (panhypopituitariusm)
pituitary atrophies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are mammillary bodies and what do they do

A

connect hypothalamus with limbic system
receive input from hippocampus
involved in memory regulation and behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

define wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

A

prolonged, irreversible condition due to bilateral necrosis of mammillary bodies and other structures
can be caused by unrecognized thiamine (B1) deficiency due to things like malnutrition and chronic alcoholism
causes impaired memory, vision changes, and ataxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where is the epithalamus located

A

found posterior to thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where is the pineal gland found and what does it do

A

found inferior to the epithalamus
secretes melatonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is melatonin important for

A

the sleep/wake cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what separates the left and right lobes of the cerebellum

A

vermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the function of the cerebellum

A

planning and coordination of movement
ex. playing a sport or instrument

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what do cerebellar peduncles do

A

connect cerebellum and brainstem
superior, middle, and inferior portions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

1.)

A

middle cerebellar peduncle (most lateral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

2.)

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle (abutting middle cerebral peduncle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

3.)

A

superior cerebellar peduncle (most superior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the cerebellar cortex and what is it made of

A

gray matter of cerebellum that’s made of deep cerebellar nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is arbor vitae

A

white matter of cerebellum that converges to form the three tracts or peduncles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the three anatomical lobes of the cerebellum

A

anterior, posterior, and flocculonodular lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the three zones of the cerebellum

A

vermis, intermediate zone, and lateral hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
1.)
anterior lobe
26
2.)
posterior lobe
27
3.)
flocculonodular lobe
28
4.)
primary fissure
29
5.)
posterolateral fissure
30
what is the cerebrocerebellum and what is it's function
lateral hemisphere of the cerebellum involved in planning movement and motor learning coordination of muscle activation
31
what is the spinocerebellum and what is it's function
intermediate zone of the cerebellum regulates body movement by allowing for error correction relays proprioceptive information
32
what is the vestibulocerebellum and what is it's function
vermis of the cerebellum controls balance and ocular reflexes
33
what are some functions of the brainstem
involuntary homeostatic functions like heart rate and breathing rhythms reflexes monitoring movement and maintaining alertness integrating and relaying information to other parts of the nervous system
34
what are the 3 subdivisions of the brainstem
midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
35
where is the midbrain (mesencephalon) found and what's its function
found inferior to diencephalon surrounds cerebral aqueduct has corpora quadrigemina has substantia nigra functions in movement, sensation, and startle reflex
36
what does the cerebral aqueduct do
connect third and fourth ventricles of brain
37
what does the corpora quadrigemina do
reflex centers for hearing and vision made of superior and inferior colliculus
38
what does the substantia nigra do
produce dopamine
39
what does the substantia nigra do
produce dopamine
40
where is the pons found and what's its function
found inferior to midbrain contains descending motor tracts nuclei regulation: movement breathing reflexes complex functions associated with sleep and arousal
41
where is the medulla oblongata found and what's its function
found most inferiorly on brainstem has pyramidal tracts on anterior surface and posterior columns posterior columns: carry sensory informaiton breathing intersect (crossing fibers)
42
1.)
optic (2)
43
2.)
trochlear (4)
44
3.)
abducens (6)
45
4.)
vestibulocochlear (8)
46
5.)
vagus (10)
47
6.)
hypoglossal (12)
48
7.)
olfactory (1)
49
8.)
oculomotor (3)
50
9.)
trigeminal (5)
51
10.)
facial (7)
52
11.)
glossopharyngeal (9)
53
12.)
spinal accessory (11)
54
which 3 cranial nerves contain axons of only sensory neurons
olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear
55
what is the olfactory nerve's function and where is it found
smell found on roof of nasal cavity
56
what is the optic nerve's function and where is it found
vision posterior eye
57
what is the vestibulocochlear nerve's function and where is it found
hearing and balance inner ear
58
which 5 cranial nerves contain primarily axons of motor neurons
oculomotor trochlear abducens accessory hypoglossal
59
what is the oculomotor nerve's function and where is it found
moving and opening eye; constructing pupil and changing lens shape exits right below mammillary bodies and goes to eye where it splits into many different branches
60
what is the trochlear nerve's function and where is it found
moves eyes down and out exits from the posterior, inferior midbrain and goes to the superior oblique eye muscle
61
what is the abducens nerve's function and where is it found
abducts eyes exits from the pons and innervates the lateral rectus muscle
62
what is the accessory nerve's function and where is it found
controls certain muscles of speech and head and shoulder exits along portion of medulla oblongata and goes to trapezius and SCM muscle
63
what is the hypoglossal nerve's function and where is it found
motor to tongue exits from medulla oblongata and goes to tongue
64
which cranial nerves are the 4 mixed cranial nerves that contain axons of both sensory and motor neurons
trigeminal (5) facial (7) glossopharyngeal (9) vagus (10)
65
what is the trigeminal nerve's function and where is it found
fascial sensation and mastication exits the junction of the midbrain and pons
66
what is the facial nerve's function
taste anterior 2/3rd of tongue sensation to: external ear, palate and nasal cavity, facial expression parasympathetic to: salivary glands (expect parotid) and lacrimal glands
67
what is the glossalpharyngeal nerve's function
sensation to: posterior 1/3rd of tongue, external ear, posterior pharynx, detects changes in BP, swallowing parasympathetic to: parotid gland
68
what is the vagus nerve's function
skin around ear, taste from pharynx, detect blood oxygen, speaking and swallowing
69
explain trigeminal neuralgia
chronic pain syndrome that involves one or more trigeminal nerve branches usually unilateral
70
explain bell's palsy
facial nerve's motor root is impaired by virus, trauma, etc. weakness or paralysis of facial muscles of one side treated with medication or surgery
71
mnemonic for cranial nerves and whether they're sensory, motor, or both
Some Say Money Matters But My Boyfriend Says Big Boobs Matter More
72
which portion of the brainstem controls breathing
medulla oblongata and pons
73
which portion of the brainstem influences respiratory rhythm
pons and medulla
74
1.)
anterior communicating artery (ACA)
75
2.)
middle cerebral artery (MCA)
76
3.)
anterior choroidal artery
77
4.)
posterior cerebral artery
78
5.)
superior cerebellar artery (SCA)
79
6.)
anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
80
7.)
posterior inferior cerebellar arter (PICA)
81
1.)
ACA
82
2.)
MCA superior division
83
3.)
MCA inferior division
84
4.)
MCA deep branches
85
5.)
PCA
86
6.)
anterior choroidal artery
87
7.)
PCA deep branches
88
what does the primary motor cortex control
opposite side of the body crosses at medulla oblongata
89
do cerebellar structures control the same side of the body or opposite
the same side of the body
90
does the primary visual cortex control both sides of vision
yes, it crosses at optic chiasm if there is a lesion on the brain, both eyes would be effected
91
where do the general somatic sensory signals come from
other side of the body cross at medulla oblongata

Human Anatomy Lecture (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions