Neuroanatomy 3 Flashcards
what gland is found within the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
pituitary gland
what are the two regions of the pituitary gland
adenophypophysis (anterior pituitary) and neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)
define secrete
process of producing and storing hormones in endocrine glands
define release
releasing stored hormones as needed
what are the 6 hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary
FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, PRL, and GH
what are the 2 hormones released by the posterior pituitary
oxytocin and ADH
what vessel system does the pituitary gland use
hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system
2 capillaries, one vein
supplied mostly by veins
which portion of the pituitary gland, anterior or posterior, makes up 20% of the gland and is mostly made up of neurons
posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
explain Simmond’s disease (pituitary cachexia)
something such as a serve burn or excessive blood loss causes a fall in blood pressure (shock)
shock causes pituitary to stop secreting most or all of the pituitary hormones (panhypopituitariusm)
pituitary atrophies
what are mammillary bodies and what do they do
connect hypothalamus with limbic system
receive input from hippocampus
involved in memory regulation and behavior
define wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
prolonged, irreversible condition due to bilateral necrosis of mammillary bodies and other structures
can be caused by unrecognized thiamine (B1) deficiency due to things like malnutrition and chronic alcoholism
causes impaired memory, vision changes, and ataxia
where is the epithalamus located
found posterior to thalamus
where is the pineal gland found and what does it do
found inferior to the epithalamus
secretes melatonin
what is melatonin important for
the sleep/wake cycle
what separates the left and right lobes of the cerebellum
vermis
what is the function of the cerebellum
planning and coordination of movement
ex. playing a sport or instrument
what do cerebellar peduncles do
connect cerebellum and brainstem
superior, middle, and inferior portions
1.)
middle cerebellar peduncle (most lateral)
2.)
inferior cerebellar peduncle (abutting middle cerebral peduncle)
3.)
superior cerebellar peduncle (most superior)
what is the cerebellar cortex and what is it made of
gray matter of cerebellum that’s made of deep cerebellar nuclei
what is arbor vitae
white matter of cerebellum that converges to form the three tracts or peduncles
what are the three anatomical lobes of the cerebellum
anterior, posterior, and flocculonodular lobes
what are the three zones of the cerebellum
vermis, intermediate zone, and lateral hemisphere
1.)
anterior lobe
2.)
posterior lobe
3.)
flocculonodular lobe
4.)
primary fissure
5.)
posterolateral fissure
what is the cerebrocerebellum and what is it’s function
lateral hemisphere of the cerebellum
involved in planning movement and motor learning
coordination of muscle activation
what is the spinocerebellum and what is it’s function
intermediate zone of the cerebellum
regulates body movement by allowing for error correction
relays proprioceptive information
what is the vestibulocerebellum and what is it’s function
vermis of the cerebellum
controls balance and ocular reflexes
what are some functions of the brainstem
involuntary homeostatic functions like heart rate and breathing rhythms
reflexes
monitoring movement and maintaining alertness
integrating and relaying information to other parts of the nervous system
what are the 3 subdivisions of the brainstem
midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
where is the midbrain (mesencephalon) found and what’s its function
found inferior to diencephalon
surrounds cerebral aqueduct
has corpora quadrigemina
has substantia nigra
functions in movement, sensation, and startle reflex
what does the cerebral aqueduct do
connect third and fourth ventricles of brain
1.)
optic (2)
2.)
trochlear (4)
3.)
abducens (6)
4.)
vestibulocochlear (8)
5.)
vagus (10)
6.)
hypoglossal (12)
7.)
olfactory (1)
8.)
oculomotor (3)
9.)
trigeminal (5)
10.)
facial (7)
11.)
glossopharyngeal (9)
12.)
spinal accessory (11)
1.)
anterior communicating artery (ACA)
2.)
middle cerebral artery (MCA)
3.)
anterior choroidal artery
4.)
posterior cerebral artery
5.)
superior cerebellar artery (SCA)
6.)
anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
7.)
posterior inferior cerebellar arter (PICA)
1.)
ACA
2.)
MCA superior division
3.)
MCA inferior division
4.)
MCA deep branches
5.)
PCA
6.)
anterior choroidal artery
7.)
PCA deep branches
