Heart Flashcards
what tissue is the superior third of the esophagus made of
skeletal muscle
what tissue is the middle third of the esophagus made of
skeletal and smooth muscle
what tissue is the inferior third of the esophagus made of
smooth muscle
what is the cervical constriction of the esophagus
where esophagus begins at C6
what is somatic sensory
sensory neurons carry signals from muscles, bones, joints, etc to the brain
what is somatic motor
motor neurons carry signals from brain to skeletal muscle
what is visceral sensory
sensory neurons carry signals from viscera to brain
what is visceral motor
sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons carry signals to viscera from brain
what is the difference between a sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglion
sympathetic: short preganglionic neurons and long post ganglionic neurons
parasympathetic: long preganglionic neurons and short postganglionic neurons
what is the intercostal nerve and what does it do
mixed nerve running from T1-T11
supplies the costal pleura outer part of diaphragmatic pleura
what do the upper intercostal nerves supply
nearby intercostal muscles
what do the lower intercostal nerves supply
intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles
what is a communicant rami
bridge coming off spinal cord that connects to the sympathetic chain ganglion (sympathetic trunk)
what do the cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves innervate
heart, aorta, lungs, and esophagus
what does the greater splanchnic nerve innervate
abdominopelvic organs
what does the vagus nerve supply
mixed nerve that supplies parasymphatic fibers to heart, lungs, trachea, bronchi, and abdomen
also gives rides to L and R recurrent laryngeal
what is Lou Gehrig’s disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
progressive degeneration of motor neurons which causes loss of muscle control
usually kills patients went the diaphragm looses function
how much does the heart weigh
250 to 300 grams
the heart produces atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), what does it do
releases this during high pressure to help lower the blood pressure
what is the systemic circuit
the left side of the heart that propels blood to the whole body
what are pulmonary arteries carrying
deoxygenated blood to the lungs
what are the pulmonary veins carrying
oxygenated blood to the heart
what are the systemic arteries carrying
oxygenated blood to the body tissues
what are the two layers of the pericardium
fibrous and serous pericardium
what is the fibrous pericardium
outer later attached to surrounding structures
made of collagen bundles
won’t change shape so keeps heart from overfilling
what is the serous pericardium
thin inner layer
produces serous fluid
made up of the parietal and visceral pleura
what is another name for the visceral pleura of the heart
epicardium
what is your transverse sinus
small cavity behind the aorta and pulmonary trunk
surgeons use this to know where to clamp during surgery of the heart
what is the endocardium
innermost layer of heart
made of simple squamous epithelium called endothelium
what is the fibrous skeleton
made of dense irregular collagenous connective tissue
surrounded by myocytes and gives them something to pull onto when they contract
supports
what type of heart do most people have
right dominant
what is the thebesian valve
fold in the right atrium at the beginning of the coronary sinus
1.)
right coronary artery
2.)
right marginal artery
3.)
left circumflex artery
4.)
left coronary artery
5.)
great cardiac vein
6.)
anterior interventricular artery
7.)
posterior interventricular artery
8.)
middle cardiac vein
what is the ligamentum arteriosum
ligament attaching left pulmonary artery to aorta
remnant of ductus arteriosus
what is the right auricle
muscular pouch on the right atrium that adds room
what is the sinus venarum
smooth area between vena cavas
what are pectinate muscles
rough, muscular ridges on anterior wall
what is the crista terminalis
vertical ridge that separates sinus venarum and pectinate muscles of right atrium
what is the fossa ovalis
remnant of foramen ovale
how thick is the right ventricle
0.5 cm
what do papillary muscles do
creates tension on cords to keep them closed during systole
what do chordae tendinae do
attach to valves
how thick is the left ventricle
2.5 cm
what is the circumference of the tricuspid valve
12 cm
what is the circumference of the bicuspid valve
10 cm
what do the semilunar valves do
prevent blood from back flowing into the ventricles
what is the circumference of the semilunar pulmonary valve
8.5 cm
what is the circumference of the semilunar aortic valve
7.5 cm
what is the fetal flow of blood
umbilical vein, ductus venous, foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, body, back to placenta
what are the 3 parts of the purkinje fiber system
atrioventricular bundle, right and left bundle branches, and terminal branches
