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Human Anatomy Lecture > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

what tissue is the superior third of the esophagus made of

A

skeletal muscle

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2
Q

what tissue is the middle third of the esophagus made of

A

skeletal and smooth muscle

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3
Q

what tissue is the inferior third of the esophagus made of

A

smooth muscle

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4
Q

what is the cervical constriction of the esophagus

A

where esophagus begins at C6

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5
Q

what is somatic sensory

A

sensory neurons carry signals from muscles, bones, joints, etc to the brain

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6
Q

what is somatic motor

A

motor neurons carry signals from brain to skeletal muscle

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7
Q

what is visceral sensory

A

sensory neurons carry signals from viscera to brain

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8
Q

what is visceral motor

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons carry signals to viscera from brain

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9
Q

what is the difference between a sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglion

A

sympathetic: short preganglionic neurons and long post ganglionic neurons
parasympathetic: long preganglionic neurons and short postganglionic neurons

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10
Q

what is the intercostal nerve and what does it do

A

mixed nerve running from T1-T11
supplies the costal pleura outer part of diaphragmatic pleura

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11
Q

what do the upper intercostal nerves supply

A

nearby intercostal muscles

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12
Q

what do the lower intercostal nerves supply

A

intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles

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13
Q

what is a communicant rami

A

bridge coming off spinal cord that connects to the sympathetic chain ganglion (sympathetic trunk)

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14
Q

what do the cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves innervate

A

heart, aorta, lungs, and esophagus

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15
Q

what does the greater splanchnic nerve innervate

A

abdominopelvic organs

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16
Q

what does the vagus nerve supply

A

mixed nerve that supplies parasymphatic fibers to heart, lungs, trachea, bronchi, and abdomen
also gives rides to L and R recurrent laryngeal

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17
Q

what is Lou Gehrig’s disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

A

progressive degeneration of motor neurons which causes loss of muscle control
usually kills patients went the diaphragm looses function

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18
Q

how much does the heart weigh

A

250 to 300 grams

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19
Q

the heart produces atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), what does it do

A

releases this during high pressure to help lower the blood pressure

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20
Q

what is the systemic circuit

A

the left side of the heart that propels blood to the whole body

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21
Q

what are pulmonary arteries carrying

A

deoxygenated blood to the lungs

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22
Q

what are the pulmonary veins carrying

A

oxygenated blood to the heart

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23
Q

what are the systemic arteries carrying

A

oxygenated blood to the body tissues

24
Q

what are the two layers of the pericardium

A

fibrous and serous pericardium

25
Q

what is the fibrous pericardium

A

outer later attached to surrounding structures
made of collagen bundles
won’t change shape so keeps heart from overfilling

26
Q

what is the serous pericardium

A

thin inner layer
produces serous fluid
made up of the parietal and visceral pleura

27
Q

what is another name for the visceral pleura of the heart

A

epicardium

28
Q

what is your transverse sinus

A

small cavity behind the aorta and pulmonary trunk
surgeons use this to know where to clamp during surgery of the heart

29
Q

what is the endocardium

A

innermost layer of heart
made of simple squamous epithelium called endothelium

30
Q

what is the fibrous skeleton

A

made of dense irregular collagenous connective tissue
surrounded by myocytes and gives them something to pull onto when they contract
supports

31
Q

what type of heart do most people have

A

right dominant

32
Q

what is the thebesian valve

A

fold in the right atrium at the beginning of the coronary sinus

33
Q

1.)

A

right coronary artery

34
Q

2.)

A

right marginal artery

35
Q

3.)

A

left circumflex artery

36
Q

4.)

A

left coronary artery

37
Q

5.)

A

great cardiac vein

38
Q

6.)

A

anterior interventricular artery

39
Q

7.)

A

posterior interventricular artery

40
Q

8.)

A

middle cardiac vein

41
Q

what is the ligamentum arteriosum

A

ligament attaching left pulmonary artery to aorta
remnant of ductus arteriosus

42
Q

what is the right auricle

A

muscular pouch on the right atrium that adds room

43
Q

what is the sinus venarum

A

smooth area between vena cavas

44
Q

what are pectinate muscles

A

rough, muscular ridges on anterior wall

45
Q

what is the crista terminalis

A

vertical ridge that separates sinus venarum and pectinate muscles of right atrium

46
Q

what is the fossa ovalis

A

remnant of foramen ovale

47
Q

how thick is the right ventricle

A

0.5 cm

48
Q

what do papillary muscles do

A

creates tension on cords to keep them closed during systole

49
Q

what do chordae tendinae do

A

attach to valves

50
Q

how thick is the left ventricle

A

2.5 cm

51
Q

what is the circumference of the tricuspid valve

A

12 cm

52
Q

what is the circumference of the bicuspid valve

A

10 cm

53
Q

what do the semilunar valves do

A

prevent blood from back flowing into the ventricles

54
Q

what is the circumference of the semilunar pulmonary valve

A

8.5 cm

55
Q

what is the circumference of the semilunar aortic valve

A

7.5 cm

56
Q

what is the fetal flow of blood

A

umbilical vein, ductus venous, foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, body, back to placenta

57
Q

what are the 3 parts of the purkinje fiber system

A

atrioventricular bundle, right and left bundle branches, and terminal branches

Human Anatomy Lecture (18 decks)

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