Neck & Head

Question 1

which number is the spinal accessory nerve and what does it do

Answer 1

CN 11
innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

Question 2

what is the sympathetic trunk called at the cervical region

Answer 2

cervical ganglia that is split into superior, middle, and inferior

Question 3

where would you find the cervical plexus (C1 to C5)

Answer 3

anteromedial to levator scapulae and middle scalene
deep to sternocleidomastoid

Question 4

where would you find the phrenic nerve

Answer 4

across the anterior scalene where is will then cross anteriorly to subclavian artery

Question 5

where does the phrenic nerve stem from and what does it do

Answer 5

stems from C3-C5 and innervates diaphragm

Question 6

where would you find the trunks of the brachial plexus

Answer 6

between anterior and middle scalene
descends between clavicle and 1st rib

Question 7

which number is the vagus nerve and what does it do

Answer 7

CN 10
somatic motor to pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles
parasympathetic to heart, digestive, respiratory, kidneys, etc.
general sensory to pharynx, larynx, and root of tongue
visceral sensory to thoracic and abdominal organs
special sensory or taste from root of tongue and epiglottis

Question 8

where would you find the vagus nerve

Answer 8

coming from the jugular foramen and going all the way to the transverse colon
found in carotid sheath behind carotid arteries and internal jugular vein

Question 9

what do the L and R recurrent laryngeal nerves do

Answer 9

carry motor and sensory fibers to supply the trachea, esophagus, and larynx
also supplies motor to intrinsic muscles except cricothyroid

Question 10

what does the superior laryngeal nerve do

Answer 10

has an internal and external branch
external motor branch: innervates cricothyroid muscle
internal sensory branch: innervates sensory fibers to pharynx

Question 11

which number is the hypoglossal nerve and what does it do

Answer 11

CN 12
originates from brainstem and carries motor fibers to tongue

Question 12

what is the carotid body and what does it do

Answer 12

specialized mass of tissue found at bifurcation of common carotid artery
peripheral chemoreceptor that monitors O2 in blood
innervated by CN 9 and 10

Question 13

what is the carotid sinus and what does it do

Answer 13

small dilation around proximal part of internal carotid artery
baroreceptor innervated by CN 9 and 10 that responds to changes in arterial blood pressure

Question 14

explain the features of a paraganglioma or carotid body tumor

Answer 14

neuroendocrine tumor of the parasympathetic system that arises at the bifurcation of carotid arteries (carotid body)
usually slow growing and benign
are removed surgically

Question 15

what are examples of lymphoid follicles

Answer 15

mucosa-associated lymphatic tissues (MALT) like peyer’s patches and appendix

Question 16

what is the flow of the lymph of the neck starting superiorly

Answer 16

superficial cervical lymph nodes, inferior deep cervical lymph nodes, jugular lymphatic trunks, thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct

Question 17

explain the features of a radical neck dissection

Answer 17

performed when cancer invades cervical lymph nodes
deep cervical lymph nodes are removed along with platysma, scm, digastric, trap, omohyoid, spinal accessory nerve, marginal mandibular nerve, and cranial nerve 12
cranial nerve 10, major arteries, and brachial plexus tried to be saved

Question 18

how many bones does the skull have

Answer 18

22

Question 19

how many bones does the cranium have

Answer 19

8

Question 20

how many bones does the face have

Answer 20

14

Question 21

1.)

Answer 21

sphenoid bone

Question 22

2.)

Answer 22

ethmoid bone

Question 23

3.)

Answer 23

nasal bones

Question 24

4.)

Answer 24

lacrimal bone

Question 25

5.)

Answer 25

palatine bone

Question 26

6.)

Answer 26

zygomatic bone

Question 27

7.)

Answer 27

nasal inferior choncha

Question 28

8.)

Answer 28

vomer bone

Question 29

9.)

Answer 29

maxilla

Question 30

10.)

Answer 30

mandible

Question 31

1.)

Answer 31

supraorbital foramen

Question 32

2.)

Answer 32

frontal sinus

Question 33

1.)

Answer 33

occipital condyle

Question 34

2.)

Answer 34

foramen magnum

Question 35

1.)

Answer 35

mandibular fossa

Question 36

2.)

Answer 36

external acoustic meatus

Question 37

3.)

Answer 37

styloid process

Question 38

4.)

Answer 38

mastoid process

Question 39

5.)

Answer 39

internal acoustic meatus

Question 40

6.)

Answer 40

petrous region

Question 41

what artery runs behind the pterion suture

Answer 41

middle meningeal artery

Question 42

1.)

Answer 42

sphenoidal sinuses

Question 43

2.)

Answer 43

pterygoid processes

Question 44

3.)

Answer 44

sella turcica

Question 45

1.)

Answer 45

cribriform plate with cribriform foramina

Question 46

how many cribriform foramina are there

Answer 46

15-20

Question 47

2.)

Answer 47

ethmoidal sinuses

Question 48

3.)

Answer 48

perpendicular plate

Question 49

4.)

Answer 49

middle nasal concha

Question 50

5.)

Answer 50

hiatus semilunaris

Question 51

1.)

Answer 51

mandibular condyle

Question 52

2.)

Answer 52

mandibular notch

Question 53

3.)

Answer 53

coronoid process

Question 54

4.)

Answer 54

mandibular ramus

Question 55

5.)

Answer 55

mandibular foramen

Question 56

6.)

Answer 56

alveolar process

Question 57

7.)

Answer 57

mental foramen

Question 58

8.)

Answer 58

mandibular body

Question 59

9.)

Answer 59

mental protuberance

Question 60

1.)

Answer 60

infraorbital foramen

Question 61

2.)

Answer 61

maxillary sinus

Question 62

3.)

Answer 62

palatine process

Question 63

4.)

Answer 63

inferior nasal conchae

Question 64

1.)

Answer 64

nasal septum

Question 65

2.)

Answer 65

nasal fossae

Question 66

1.)

Answer 66

squamous suture

Question 67

2.)

Answer 67

pterion suture

Question 68

3.)

Answer 68

lambdoid suture

Question 69

1.)

Answer 69

optic canal

Question 70

2.)

Answer 70

foramen rotundum

Question 71

3.)

Answer 71

foramen ovale

Question 72

4.)

Answer 72

foramen spinosum

Question 73

5.)

Answer 73

jugular foramen

Question 74

1.)

Answer 74

superior orbital fissure

Question 75

which nerve exits through the optic canal

Answer 75

CN 2 (optic nerve)

Question 76

which nerves exit through the superior orbital fissure

Answer 76

CN 3 (oculomotor), 4 (trochlear), and branch 1 (ophthalmic) of 5 (trigeminal)

Question 77

which nerve exits through the foramen rotundum

Answer 77

CN 5 (trigeminal) branch 2 (maxillary nerve)

Question 78

which nerve exits through the foramen ovale

Answer 78

CN 5 (trigeminal) branch 3 (mandibular)

Question 79

which nerve and artery exits through the foramen spinosum

Answer 79

CN 5 (trigeminal) branch 3 (mandibular) and middle meningeal artery

Question 80

which nerves exits through internal acoustic meatus

Answer 80

CN 7 (facial) and CN 8 (vestibulocochlear)

Question 81

which nerves exit through the jugular foramen

Answer 81

CN 9 (glossopharyngeal), CN 10 (vagus), and CN 11 (spinal accessory)

Question 82

what are the functions of the nasal cavity

Answer 82

warm, humidify, and filter air secretes antibacterial substances smell from olfactory receptors resonance of voice

Question 83

what do the paranasal sinuses do

Answer 83

communicate with nasal cavity through bony openings allows air to flow

Question 84

1.)

Answer 84

frontal sinus

Question 85

2.)

Answer 85

ethmoid sinus

Question 86

3.)

Answer 86

maxillary sinus

Question 87

4.)

Answer 87

sphenoid sinus

Question 88

which sinuses drain into the middle nasal meatus

Answer 88

frontal, ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses

Question 89

inflammation of which sinus can lead to toothache

Answer 89

maxillary sinus because it's in close proximity to the teeth

Question 90

where does the sphenoid sinus drain into

Answer 90

superior nasal meatus

Question 91

which sinus is the pituitary gland behind

Answer 91

sphenoid sinus

Question 92

what is a fontanel

Answer 92

membranous areas between fetal cranial bones present until 18-24 months

Question 93

1.)

Answer 93

anterior fontanel

Question 94

2.)

Answer 94

posterior fontanel

Question 95

3.)

Answer 95

sphenoid fontanel

Question 96

4.)

Answer 96

mastoid fontanel

Question 97

5.)

Answer 97

metopic suture

Question 98

list some differences between male and female skull

Answer 98

male: prominent supraorbital ridge, 90 degree mandibular angle, larger mastoid process female: less prominent supraorbital ridge, greater than 90 degree mandibular angle, smaller mastoid process

Question 99

which cranial nerve innervates muscles of facial expression

Answer 99

CN 7 (facial)

Question 100

what does the frontalis muscle do

Answer 100

raise eyebrows and skin of forehead

Question 101

what does the orbicularis oris do

Answer 101

helps you eat, drink, whistle, and speak

Question 102

what does the buccinator do

Answer 102

compresses checks to help with chewing and blowing

Question 103

what does the orbiculais oculi do

Answer 103

controls eye movement helps close eye

Question 104

what does the platysma do

Answer 104

pulls chin down and helps to open mouth

Question 105

1.)

Answer 105

frontalis

Question 106

2.)

Answer 106

orbicularis oculi

Question 107

3.)

Answer 107

buccinator

Question 108

4.)

Answer 108

orbicularis oris

Question 109

5.)

Answer 109

platysma

Question 110

what nerve innervates muscles of mastication

Answer 110

CN 5 (trigeminal)

Question 111

what does the masseter do

Answer 111

attaches to the zygomatic process and angle of mandible pulls the jaw back and down

Question 112

what does the temporalis do

Answer 112

attaches to coronoid process of mandible helps close the jaw

Question 113

what are the 5 layers of the scalp starting from most superficial

Answer 113

skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis, loose connective tissue, and periosteum

Question 114

what layers of the scalp make up the scalp proper

Answer 114

skin, connective tissue, and aponeurosis

Question 115

what is the aponeurosis

Answer 115

broad tendinous sheet under the connective tissue in the scalp

Question 116

explain the features of a subgaleal bleed (SCALP)

Answer 116

scalp vessels bleed blood extends anteriorly because first 3 layers are not attached to bone causes a black eye (periorbital ecchymosis)

Question 117

what are the alae nasi

Answer 117

lateral portion of nostrils

Question 118

what is the nasal vestibule

Answer 118

hairs in the nasal cavity which prevent large objects from entering