Unit 9 - Social Behavior Pt. 2 and Extra Terms Flashcards
Mere Exposure Effect
Repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.
Attractiveness Bias (Halo Effect)
Physically attractive people are rated higher on intelligence, competence, sociability, morality, etc.
Passionate Love
Aroused state of intense positive absorption in another; beginning of a relationship; can wear off.
Companionate Love
Deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined.
Altruism
Unselfish regard for the welfare of others.
Altruism Experiment Results - Darley and Latane
There are certain circumstanced under which people are more likely to help someone in need (number of other people in environment, appearance of person in need, etc.); must have a sense of responsibility
Bystander Effect
Tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.
Social Exchange Theory
Social behavior is an exchange process; we expect to get something out of it (low level of altruism).
Reciprocity Norm
We help because others have helped us (medium level of altruism).
Social Responsibility Norm
Norm that tells us to help others when they need us even though they may not repay us (high level of altruism).
Approach-approach conflict
Conflict occurring when a person must choose between two desirable goals.
Avoidance-avoidance conflict
Conflict occurring when a person must choose between two undesirable goals.
Approach-avoidance conflict
Conflict occurring when a person must choose or not choose a goal that has both positive and negative aspects.
Double/Multiple Approach-Avoidance Conflict
Person must decide between two or more goals, with each goal possessing both positive and negative aspects.
Social Trap (Non-Zero Sum Game)
Conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.
Mirror-Image Perceptions
Mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil.
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy/ Pygmalion Effect
Belief that leads to its own fulfillment.
Robbers Cave Study Results - Muzafer Sherif
Superordinate (shared) goals can override the differences among people and require their cooperation.
Norm
An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. Norms prescribe “proper” behavior.
Effects of Mass Media Violence
Most psychologists now believe that media violence can increase violent behavior in people (imitation learning).
Social Script
Culturally shaped guide for how to act in various situations.
