Unit 6 - Development Part 2 Flashcards
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Deficiencies in communication and social interaction; fixated interests and repetitive behaviors.
Stranger Anxiety
Fear of strangers; beginning by about 8 months of age.
Harlow’s Monkey Study
Infants bond because of bodily contact and not because of nourishment (contact comfort). Those raised in isolation became incapable of mating: were fearful or aggressive.
Critical Period
Period shortly after birth when certain events have a particularly strong impact on development.
Imprinting
Process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period.
Mary Ainsworth and Attachment/Attachment Behavior
Shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and displaying distress on separation (Strange Situation Experiment)
Secure Attachment
Exhibit less fear of failure, parents consistently respond supportively, parents provide a safe haven/ safe base in new environment.
Insecure Attachment
Show indifference to their mother’s return after a brief absence, not reassured or comforted by her return, caused by parent failure to respond predictably/slow to respond.
Temperament
Emotional reactivity and sensitivity; styles seem consistent and enduring.
Erikson’s Basic Trust
Formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers.
Self-Concept
Sense of one’s identity and personal worth, emerges gradually around 6 months (Rouge Test)
Self-Concept
Sense of one’s identity and personal worth, emerges gradually around 6 months (Rouge Test)
Diana Baumrind
Developmental psychologist known for her research on parenting styles.
Parenting: Authoritarian
Impose rules and expect obedience.
Parenting: Permissive
Make few demands, use little punishment.
Parenting: Authoritative
Demanding and responsive; open discussion.
Parenting: Rejecting-Neglecting
Uninvolved; disinterested
Gender Role
Expectation of how men and women are supposed to behave.
Gender Typing
Refers to the process of acquiring (learning) a gender identity.
Gender Schema
Your own gender; the way you viewed your experiences with gender.
Social Learning Theory
We learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished.
Transgender
A person’s psychological gender identity conflicts with his or her biological sex.
Laurence Kohlberg
Sought to describe the development of moral reasoning by posing moral dilemmas.
Preconventional Morality
Avoid punishment or gain reward.
Conventional Morality
Social rules and laws are upheld for their own sake.
Post-conventional Morality
Individual conscience, universal ethical principles.
Carol Gilligan
Women develop a sense of morality that’s based on relationships and feelings of care and responsibility for others.
Freud and Psychosexual Stages
Develops as a result of unresolved conflicts during various stages.
Erikson and Theory of Social Development
8 stages; each with problem or crisis to resolve; infancy = trust vs. mistrust; adolescence = identity vs. role confusion.
Identity/Social Identity
One’s sense of self; testing and integrating various roles.
Role Confusion
Involved the individual not being sure about themselves or their place in society.
