Unit 6 - Development Part 2

Question 1

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 1

Deficiencies in communication and social interaction; fixated interests and repetitive behaviors.

Question 2

Stranger Anxiety

Answer 2

Fear of strangers; beginning by about 8 months of age.

Question 3

Harlow’s Monkey Study

Answer 3

Infants bond because of bodily contact and not because of nourishment (contact comfort). Those raised in isolation became incapable of mating: were fearful or aggressive.

Question 4

Critical Period

Answer 4

Period shortly after birth when certain events have a particularly strong impact on development.

Question 5

Imprinting

Answer 5

Process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period.

Question 6

Mary Ainsworth and Attachment/Attachment Behavior

Answer 6

Shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and displaying distress on separation (Strange Situation Experiment)

Question 7

Secure Attachment

Answer 7

Exhibit less fear of failure, parents consistently respond supportively, parents provide a safe haven/ safe base in new environment.

Question 8

Insecure Attachment

Answer 8

Show indifference to their mother’s return after a brief absence, not reassured or comforted by her return, caused by parent failure to respond predictably/slow to respond.

Question 9

Temperament

Answer 9

Emotional reactivity and sensitivity; styles seem consistent and enduring.

Question 10

Erikson’s Basic Trust

Answer 10

Formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers.

Question 11

Self-Concept

Answer 11

Sense of one’s identity and personal worth, emerges gradually around 6 months (Rouge Test)

Question 12

Self-Concept

Answer 12

Sense of one’s identity and personal worth, emerges gradually around 6 months (Rouge Test)

Question 13

Diana Baumrind

Answer 13

Developmental psychologist known for her research on parenting styles.

Question 14

Parenting: Authoritarian

Answer 14

Impose rules and expect obedience.

Question 15

Parenting: Permissive

Answer 15

Make few demands, use little punishment.

Question 16

Parenting: Authoritative

Answer 16

Demanding and responsive; open discussion.

Question 17

Parenting: Rejecting-Neglecting

Answer 17

Uninvolved; disinterested

Question 18

Gender Role

Answer 18

Expectation of how men and women are supposed to behave.

Question 19

Gender Typing

Answer 19

Refers to the process of acquiring (learning) a gender identity.

Question 20

Gender Schema

Answer 20

Your own gender; the way you viewed your experiences with gender.

Question 21

Social Learning Theory

Answer 21

We learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished.

Question 22

Transgender

Answer 22

A person’s psychological gender identity conflicts with his or her biological sex.

Question 23

Laurence Kohlberg

Answer 23

Sought to describe the development of moral reasoning by posing moral dilemmas.

Question 24

Preconventional Morality

Answer 24

Avoid punishment or gain reward.

Question 25

Conventional Morality

Answer 25

Social rules and laws are upheld for their own sake.

Question 26

Post-conventional Morality

Answer 26

Individual conscience, universal ethical principles.

Question 27

Carol Gilligan

Answer 27

Women develop a sense of morality that’s based on relationships and feelings of care and responsibility for others.

Question 28

Freud and Psychosexual Stages

Answer 28

Develops as a result of unresolved conflicts during various stages.

Question 29

Erikson and Theory of Social Development

Answer 29

8 stages; each with problem or crisis to resolve; infancy = trust vs. mistrust; adolescence = identity vs. role confusion.

Question 30

Identity/Social Identity

Answer 30

One’s sense of self; testing and integrating various roles.

Question 31

Role Confusion

Answer 31

Involved the individual not being sure about themselves or their place in society.