Unit 6 - Development Part 1

Question 1

Zygote

Answer 1

Fertilized egg; 2 week period of cell division

Question 2

Embryo

Answer 2

2 weeks of development into the second month

Question 3

Fetus

Answer 3

9 weeks into development to birth

Question 4

Teratogen

Answer 4

Environmental agents that cause damage during prenatal development; Ex. alcohol, smoking

Question 5

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

Answer 5

Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking. (Damage to the child can still occur with little amounts of alcohol drinking)

Question 6

Rooting Reflex

Answer 6

A baby’s reflex that makes it turn its head and open its mouth in the direction of contact on its cheek.

Question 7

Habituation and Learning

Answer 7

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation; shows a baby’s ability to learn.

Question 8

Maturation

Answer 8

Development of bodily and mental functions in sequence.

Question 9

Infant Memory/Amnesia

Answer 9

The earliest age of conscious memory is around 3 1/2 to 4 years old.

Question 10

Jean Piaget

Answer 10

Created a theory that stated that cognitive processes followed a series of stages.

Question 11

Schema

Answer 11

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information; how our mind organizes information.

Question 12

Assimilation

Answer 12

Absorbing new information into existing schemas.

Question 13

Accomodation

Answer 13

Adjusting old schemas or developing new ones to better fit with new information.

Question 14

Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development

Answer 14

1. Sensorimotor Stage/Intelligence
2. Preoperational Stage
3. Concrete Operational Stage
4. Formal Operational Stage

Question 15

Sensorimotor Stage/Intelligence

Answer 15

Babies take in the world by senses (looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, and grasping)

Question 16

Object Permanence

Answer 16

Awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived (developed during Sensorimotor Stage)

Question 17

Preoperational Stage

Answer 17

Language ability; can think symbolically.

Question 18

Egocentrism

Answer 18

Cannot perceive things from another’s point of view (Preoperational)

Question 19

Theory of Mind

Answer 19

Understanding another’s mental state, feelings, thoughts, or intentions

Question 20

Animistic Thinking

Answer 20

Belief that all things are living (Preoperational Stage)

Question 21

Concrete Operational Stage

Answer 21

Gains the ability to think logically about concrete events.

Question 22

Conservation

Answer 22

Principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects.

Question 23

Formal Operational Stage

Answer 23

Reasoning ability expands from concrete thinking to abstract thinking.

Question 24

Lev Vygotsky Scaffolding Theory

Answer 24

Process in which a more skilled LEARNER gives help to a less skilled learner.

Question 25

Zone of Proximal Development

Answer 25

Vygotsky’s concept of the difference between what a child can do alone and what that child can do with the help of a teacher; proximal means “close” to mastering