Unit 7 - Extra Terms

Question 1

Basal Metabolic Rate

Answer 1

The body’s resting rate of energy expenditure.

Question 2

Sexual Response Cycle

Answer 2

The four stages of sexual response described by Masters and Johnson: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

Question 3

Affiliation Needs

Answer 3

The desire to have personal relationships with other individuals, which manifests itself in the urge to form friendships and attachments and to join organizations and enjoy social gatherings.

Question 4

Regression

Answer 4

Retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated.

Question 5

Reaction Formation

Answer 5

Switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites.

Question 6

Projection

Answer 6

Disguising one’s own threatening impulses by attributing them to others.

Question 7

Rationaliztion

Answer 7

Offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconscious reasons for one’s actions.

Question 8

Displacement

Answer 8

Shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person.

Question 9

Sublimation

Answer 9

Transferring of unacceptable impulses into socially valued motives.

Question 10

Denial

Answer 10

Refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities.

Question 11

Inferiority Complex

Answer 11

Alfred Adler - “The individual feels at home in life and feels his existence to be worthwhile just so far as he is useful to others and is overcoming feelings of inferiority.”

Question 12

Birth Order

Answer 12

Different positions in a family birth order by be correlated with both positive and negative life outcomes.

Question 13

Karen Horney

Answer 13

“The view that women are infantile and emotional creatures, and as such, incapable of responsibility and independence is the work of the masculine tendency to lower women’s self-respect.

Question 14

MMPI

Answer 14

The most widely researched and clinically used for all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use), this test is now used for many other screening purposes.

Question 15

MBTI

Answer 15

An introspective self-report questionnaire indicating differing psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions. Despite its popularity, it had been widely regarded as pseudoscience by the scientific community.

Question 16

Empirically Derived Test

Answer 16

A test (such as the MMPI) developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups.

Question 17

Positive Psychology

Answer 17

The scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive.

Question 18

Self

Answer 18

In contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Question 19

Spotlight Effect

Answer 19

Overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us).

Question 20

Self-Serving Bias

Answer 20

A readiness to perceive oneself favorably.

Question 21

Narcissism

Answer 21

Excessive self-love and self-absorption.

Question 22

Collectivism

Answer 22

Giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly.

Question 23

Individualism

Answer 23

Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications.