Unit 7 - Extra Terms Flashcards
Basal Metabolic Rate
The body’s resting rate of energy expenditure.
Sexual Response Cycle
The four stages of sexual response described by Masters and Johnson: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
Affiliation Needs
The desire to have personal relationships with other individuals, which manifests itself in the urge to form friendships and attachments and to join organizations and enjoy social gatherings.
Regression
Retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated.
Reaction Formation
Switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites.
Projection
Disguising one’s own threatening impulses by attributing them to others.
Rationaliztion
Offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconscious reasons for one’s actions.
Displacement
Shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person.
Sublimation
Transferring of unacceptable impulses into socially valued motives.
Denial
Refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities.
Inferiority Complex
Alfred Adler - “The individual feels at home in life and feels his existence to be worthwhile just so far as he is useful to others and is overcoming feelings of inferiority.”
Birth Order
Different positions in a family birth order by be correlated with both positive and negative life outcomes.
Karen Horney
“The view that women are infantile and emotional creatures, and as such, incapable of responsibility and independence is the work of the masculine tendency to lower women’s self-respect.
MMPI
The most widely researched and clinically used for all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use), this test is now used for many other screening purposes.
MBTI
An introspective self-report questionnaire indicating differing psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions. Despite its popularity, it had been widely regarded as pseudoscience by the scientific community.
Empirically Derived Test
A test (such as the MMPI) developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups.
Positive Psychology
The scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive.
Self
In contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions.
Spotlight Effect
Overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us).
Self-Serving Bias
A readiness to perceive oneself favorably.
Narcissism
Excessive self-love and self-absorption.
Collectivism
Giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly.
Individualism
Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications.