Unit 1 - Extra Terms Flashcards
Who was G. Stanley Hall?
He started the first formal U.S. psychology laboratory at Johns Hopkins University.
Who was Mary Whiton Calkins?
William James’ student who was unable to graduate with her Ph.D. at Harvard and was instead offered to graduate with a degree from Radcliffe College, a school solely for women. Because of this unjust treatment, she refused the offer and the degree. She was the first female president of the American Psychological Association (APA).
Who was Margaret Floy Washburn?
Because of Calkins’ refusal, Washburn was the first female to obtain a Ph.D. in psychology. She became the second female president of the APA. She wrote “The Animal Mind”, which was an influential book. But, because of her gender, she was unable to join the organization of experimental psychologists, even though she was taught by the same man who founded the organization.
Who was Dorothea Dix?
She was a pioneer in the humane treatment of people with psychological disorders along with Philippe Pinel.
What is the Nature vs Nurture Issue?
The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture.
Who was Charles Darwin?
He argued that natural selection shapes behaviors as well as bodies.
What is natural selection?
The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.
What is the biopsychosocial approach?
An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis.
What are psychometrics?
The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits.
What is basic research?
Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.
What is applied research?
Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.
What are industrial-organizational (I/O) psychologists?
The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.
What is human factor psychology?
An I/O psychology subfield that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use.
