Unit 8 - Types of Disorders

Question 1

Philippe Pinel and Medical Perspective

Answer 1

Diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and cured.

Question 2

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

Answer 2

1. Describe or identify disorders
2. Determine how prevalent the disorder is.
3. Scale of severity from 0 to 4.

Question 3

David Rosenhan: Experiment and Implications

Answer 3

Showed the need for a classification system > “DSM”; Illustrated negative effects of diagnostic labels.

Question 4

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Answer 4

Constant worry about many issues; inability to identify the cause; symptoms include: headaches, stomach aches, muscle tension, irritability.

Question 5

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Answer 5

Unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).

Question 6

Panic Disorder

Answer 6

Minute-long episodes of intense dread; chest pains, choking, and feelings of terror.

Question 7

Phobia

Answer 7

Persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that disrupts behavior; has to be medically diagnosed.

Question 8

Social Anxiety Disorder

Answer 8

Strong, irrational fears relating to social situations.

Question 9

Agoraphobia

Answer 9

Fear of being alone or away from the security of home.

Question 10

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Answer 10

Haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, anxiety, and sleep problems.

Question 11

Learning Perspective: Stimulus Generalization

Answer 11

Stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses.

Question 12

Learning Perspective: Reinforcement

Answer 12

Avoiding or escaping the feared situation reduces anxiety, thus reinforcing the phobic behavior.

Question 13

Biological Perspective

Answer 13

Natural selection > fear preserves the species; genes may be partly responsible.

Question 14

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 14

Depression that lasts two weeks or more; Most pervasive or extensive (common); the #1 reason people seek mental health services.

Question 15

Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depressive Disorder)

Answer 15

Alternates between depression and the overexcited state of mania.

Question 16

Manic Episode/Mania

Answer 16

Hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.

Question 17

Neurotransmitters and Depression

Answer 17

Reduction of norepinephrine and serotonin; mania reduces excess norepinephrine.

Question 18

Rumination

Answer 18

Compulsive fretting; overthinking about everything.

Question 19

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Answer 19

Person experiences depression during winter months and improved mood during spring.

Question 20

Psychosis

Answer 20

Person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions.

Question 21

Delusions

Answer 21

False beliefs about self; persecution (paranoia), grandeur (belief you are more powerful than you actually are), being controlled.

Question 22

Disorganized Thinking

Answer 22

“Word Salad”; jumping from one idea to another even within sentences.

Question 23

Hallucinations

Answer 23

Hearing or seeing things that aren’t there; extra activity in the thalamus during a hallucination.

Question 24

Schizophrenic Perceptions

Answer 24

(Hallucinations) Frequently such hallucinations are auditory.

Question 25

Apathy

Answer 25

Inappropriate emotions

Question 26

Catatonia

Answer 26

Continually rub an arm, rock a chair, or remain motionless for hours.

Question 27

Brain and Chemical Factors

Answer 27

Dopamine overactivity: higher levels of dopamine D4 (now D2) receptors; Acute: develops rapidly; Chronic: develops slowly

Question 28

Schizophrenia Brain Abnormalities

Answer 28

Enlarged fluid filled areas of the brain.

Question 29

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Answer 29

The symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause.

Question 30

Conversion Disorder/Functional Neurological Disorder

Answer 30

Experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms (neurological symptoms); no physiological basis can be found.

Question 31

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Answer 31

Interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease.

Question 32

Dissociative Amnesia

Answer 32

Memory loss is the only symptom; caused by traumatic events.

Question 33

Dissociative Fugue

Answer 33

Global amnesia (forgets everything) with identity replacement.

Question 34

Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder)

Answer 34

Person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities.

Question 35

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 35

Maintain a starvation diet despite being underweight.

Question 36

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 36

Person alternates binge eating with purging or fasting.

Question 37

Binge-Eating Disorder

Answer 37

Distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting.

Question 38

Personality Disorders

Answer 38

Inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

Question 39

Antisocial Personality Disorder (Sociopath or Psychopath)

Answer 39

Exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing; Formerly sociopath or psychopath; exhibit low autonomic nervous system arousal.