Unit 8 - Types of Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Philippe Pinel and Medical Perspective

A

Diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and cured.

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2
Q

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

A
  1. Describe or identify disorders
  2. Determine how prevalent the disorder is.
  3. Scale of severity from 0 to 4.
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3
Q

David Rosenhan: Experiment and Implications

A

Showed the need for a classification system > “DSM”; Illustrated negative effects of diagnostic labels.

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4
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

Constant worry about many issues; inability to identify the cause; symptoms include: headaches, stomach aches, muscle tension, irritability.

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5
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A

Unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).

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6
Q

Panic Disorder

A

Minute-long episodes of intense dread; chest pains, choking, and feelings of terror.

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7
Q

Phobia

A

Persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that disrupts behavior; has to be medically diagnosed.

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8
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder

A

Strong, irrational fears relating to social situations.

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9
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear of being alone or away from the security of home.

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10
Q

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

A

Haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, anxiety, and sleep problems.

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11
Q

Learning Perspective: Stimulus Generalization

A

Stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses.

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12
Q

Learning Perspective: Reinforcement

A

Avoiding or escaping the feared situation reduces anxiety, thus reinforcing the phobic behavior.

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13
Q

Biological Perspective

A

Natural selection > fear preserves the species; genes may be partly responsible.

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14
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A

Depression that lasts two weeks or more; Most pervasive or extensive (common); the #1 reason people seek mental health services.

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15
Q

Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depressive Disorder)

A

Alternates between depression and the overexcited state of mania.

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16
Q

Manic Episode/Mania

A

Hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.

17
Q

Neurotransmitters and Depression

A

Reduction of norepinephrine and serotonin; mania reduces excess norepinephrine.

18
Q

Rumination

A

Compulsive fretting; overthinking about everything.

19
Q

Seasonal Affective Disorder

A

Person experiences depression during winter months and improved mood during spring.

20
Q

Psychosis

A

Person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions.

21
Q

Delusions

A

False beliefs about self; persecution (paranoia), grandeur (belief you are more powerful than you actually are), being controlled.

22
Q

Disorganized Thinking

A

“Word Salad”; jumping from one idea to another even within sentences.

23
Q

Hallucinations

A

Hearing or seeing things that aren’t there; extra activity in the thalamus during a hallucination.

24
Q

Schizophrenic Perceptions

A

(Hallucinations) Frequently such hallucinations are auditory.

25
Q

Apathy

A

Inappropriate emotions

26
Q

Catatonia

A

Continually rub an arm, rock a chair, or remain motionless for hours.

27
Q

Brain and Chemical Factors

A

Dopamine overactivity: higher levels of dopamine D4 (now D2) receptors; Acute: develops rapidly; Chronic: develops slowly

28
Q

Schizophrenia Brain Abnormalities

A

Enlarged fluid filled areas of the brain.

29
Q

Somatic Symptom Disorder

A

The symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause.

30
Q

Conversion Disorder/Functional Neurological Disorder

A

Experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms (neurological symptoms); no physiological basis can be found.

31
Q

Illness Anxiety Disorder

A

Interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease.

32
Q

Dissociative Amnesia

A

Memory loss is the only symptom; caused by traumatic events.

33
Q

Dissociative Fugue

A

Global amnesia (forgets everything) with identity replacement.

34
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder)

A

Person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities.

35
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

Maintain a starvation diet despite being underweight.

36
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

Person alternates binge eating with purging or fasting.

37
Q

Binge-Eating Disorder

A

Distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting.

38
Q

Personality Disorders

A

Inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

39
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder (Sociopath or Psychopath)

A

Exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing; Formerly sociopath or psychopath; exhibit low autonomic nervous system arousal.