Unit 7: Body Structure

Question 1

Anatomical terms are derived from?

Answer 1

ancient greek and latin words

Question 2

a body that is lying down is either?

Answer 2

prone: face down
supine: facing up

Question 3

anterior/ventral?

Answer 3

describes the front or direction toward the front of the body. The toes are anterior to the foot.

Question 4

posterior/dorsal?

Answer 4

describes the back or direction toward the back of the body. The popliteus is posterior to the patella.

Question 5

superior/cranial?

Answer 5

describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper. The head is superior to the toes.

Question 6

inferior/caudal?

Answer 6

describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column). The pelvis is inferior to the abdomen.

Question 7

lateral?

Answer 7

describes the side or direction toward the side of the body. The thumb (pollex) is lateral to the digits.

Question 8

medial?

Answer 8

describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body. The hallux is the medial toe.

Question 9

intermediate?

Answer 9

describes a position between a more medial and a more lateral structure. The middle finger is intermediate between the ring and index fingers.

Question 10

proximal?

Answer 10

position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body. The brachium is proximal to the antebrachium.

Question 11

distal?

Answer 11

describes a position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body. The crus is distal to the femur.

Question 12

central?

Answer 12

describes a position towards the middle (centre) of a structure or organ system. The central nervous system is contained within the skull and vertebral column.

Question 13

peripheral?

Answer 13

describes a position towards the outer edge (periphery) of a structure or organ system. The peripheral nervous system is found outside the skull and vertebral column.

Question 14

superficial?

Answer 14

describes a position closer to the surface of the body. The skin is superficial to the bones.

Question 15

deep?

Answer 15

describes a position farther from the surface of the body. The brain is deep to the skull.

Question 16

plane?

Answer 16

(In anatomy) imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body.

Question 17

sagittal plane?

Answer 17

divides the body or an organ vertically into right and left sides. If this vertical plane runs directly down the middle of the body, it is called the midsagittal or median plane. If it divides the body into unequal right and left sides, it is called a parasagittal plane or (less commonly) a longitudinal section.

Question 18

frontal plane?

Answer 18

plane that divides the body or an organ into an anterior (front) portion and a posterior (rear) portion. A frontal plane is often referred to as a coronal plane

Question 19

transverse plane?

Answer 19

plane that divides the body or organ horizontally into upper and lower portions.

Question 20

what are the bodies largest body compartments?

Answer 20

dorsal cavity and the ventral cavity

Question 21

dorsal cavity includes?

Answer 21

cranial cavity, spinal cavity

Question 22

ventral cavity includes?

Answer 22

thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity

Question 23

what does the cranial cavity and spinal cavity contain?

Answer 23

cranial: brain
spinal: spinal cord

Question 24

what is cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 24

colorless fluid produced by the brain that cushions the brain and spinal cord.

Question 25

what does the thoracic cavity contain?

Answer 25

it contains the lungs and heart located in the mediastinum. it is enclosed by the ribcage.
- the floor of the thoracic cavity is the diaphragm separating it from the abdominopelvic cavity.

Question 26

what does the abdominopelvic cavity contain?

Answer 26

digestive organs, pelvic cavity, and organs of reproduction

Question 27

9 different regions of the abdomen?

Answer 27

• The right hypochondriac region contains the gall bladder and part of the liver, and the right kidney
• The epigastric region contains part of the liver and part of the stomach
• The left hypochondriac region contains part of the spleen and part of the stomach, and the left kidney
• The right lumbar region contains most of the ascending colon
• The umbilical region contains the transverse colon and part of the small intestine
• The left lumbar region contains most of the descending colon
• The right iliac region contains the appendix and caecum
• The hypogastric region contains the lower small intestine, the distal sigmoid colon and anus, and the urinary bladder, as well as the uterus and ovaries in females and the prostate in males
• The left iliac region contains the proximal sigmoid colon

Question 28

serous membrane?

Answer 28

Membrane that covers organs and reduces friction

Question 29

parietal vs visceral layer?

Answer 29

The parietal layers of the membranes line the walls of the body cavity, The visceral layer of the membrane covers the organs.Between the parietal and visceral layers is a very thin, fluid-filled serous space, or cavity

Question 30

what are the 3 serous cavities and their associated membranes?

Answer 30

The pleura is the serous membrane that surrounds the lungs in the pleural cavity; the pericardium is the serous membrane that surrounds the heart in the pericardial cavity; and the peritoneum is the serous membrane that surrounds several organs in the abdominopelvic cavity.