Unit 13: Joints Flashcards
the human body has 206 bones, aside from the hyoid bone, all the rest are?
connected to at least one other bone.
what are joints?
joints/articulations are locations where the bones or bones and cartilage come together.
joints allow for?
movement between the bones.
stable joints allow for how much movement?
stable joints allow for little to no mobility and joints that provide the most movement are least stable.
3 structural classifications of joints?
- fibrous joint: bones are united by fibrous connective tissue.
- cartilaginous joint: bones are united by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
- synovial joint: bones are not directly connected but come into contact with eachother within a joint cavity that is filled with lubricating fluid.
which joints allow for free movement between bones?
synovial joints
which are the most common joints of the body?
synovial joints
functional classification of joints is classified by?
the amount of mobility found between the bones.
- synarthrosis/immobile joint
- amphiarthrosis/slightly moveable joint
- diarthrosis/freely moveable joint
synarthrosis?
an immobile joint is called a synarthrosis.
- strong union between the bones
- needed where protection is needed for internal organs
- EXAMPLE: sutures
amphiarthrosis?
a joint that has limited mobility.
- EXAMPLE: intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis.
diarthrosis?
a joint that is able to move freely.
- all synovial joints of the body are diarthrosis.
- most diarthrotic joints are found in the appendicular skeleton giving the limbs a wide range of motion.
multiaxial movement of a joint?
multiaxial diarthrotic joint allows for movement along 3 axis.
- EXAMPLE: hip and shoulder joint
3 types of fibrous joints?
- sutures
- syndesmoses
- gomphosis
what is a fibrous joint?
a fibrous joint is one that is directly connected to eachother by fibrous connective tissue.
all the bones of the skull except the mandible are joined by?
fibrous joints called sutures.
- synarthrosis/immoveable
- at birth the frontal and maxillary bones consist of right and left halves joined by sutures, they then fuse together to form one bone.
whats a syndesmosis?
a syndesmosis is a type of fibrous joint in which two parallel bones are united by fibrous connective tissue called interosseous membrane.
- shafts of the radius and ulna and shafts of the tibia and fibula
what is a gomphosis?
fibrous joint that anchors the root of a tooth into its bony socket in the maxilla or mandible.
- synarthrosis
what is a cartilaginous joint and what are the two types of cartilaginous joints?
a cartilaginous joint is where the bones are united by cartilage.
- joined by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage
1. synchondrosis
2. symphysis
synchondrosis?
where bones are joined by hyaline cartilage.
- temporary synchondrosis is the epiphyseal plate in the long bone.
- permanent synchondrosis is the sternocostal joint where the rib is anchored to the manubrium by its costal cartilage.
- synarthrosis
symphysis?
joined by fibrocartilage
- very strong because it has a lot of thick collagen fibers
- amphiarthrosis
example: pubic symphysis and intervertebral symphysis
what are synovial joints and what are the different types?
synovial joints are the most common and the difference between this and other joints is the presence of JOINT CAVITY.
- they are also not connected directly with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage which gives the ability of the bones to move smoothly against eachother.
what is the articular capsule?
connective tissue structure that encloses the joint cavity of a synovial joint
what is the articular cartilage?
thin layer of cartilage covering the epiphysis reducing friction and acts as a shock absorber
what is the synovial membrane?
the synovial membrane is the thin membrane that lines the inner part of the joint cavity and secretes synovial fluid
