Unit 4 -Vasculature: Microcirculation, lymphatics, and Veins Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four types of capillaries?

A

Continuous capillaries, fenestrated capillaries, sinusoids (discontinuous capillaries), and lymphatic capillaries

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2
Q

What are is the most common type of capillaries?

A

continuous capillaries

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3
Q

What is the structure of continuous capillaries?

A

made up of tight junctions with no pinocytotic vesicles or clefts

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4
Q

What is the function of continuous capillaries?

A

they carry proteins for amino acids and glucose

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5
Q

Where are fenestrated capillaries located?

A

in the GI tract/intestine, kidney, and endocrine pancreas

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6
Q

Where are the fenestrations of fenestrated capillaries located?

A

in the capillary wall

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7
Q

What is the function of fenestrated capillaries?

A

they allow rapid exchange of large molecules and fluid

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8
Q

What is the structure of sinusoids?

A

they have large clefts and fenestrae and a discontinuous basal lamina layer

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9
Q

Where are sinusoid capillaries located?

A

in the liver, spleen, lymphoid organs and bone marrow

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10
Q

What is the function of sinusoid capillaries?

A

they allow rapid exchange of larger molecules, particles, whole cells, and fluid between the blood and interstitium

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11
Q

What is the structure of lymphatic capillaries?

A

the endothelium overlaps in places, there are no tight junctions, it has intercellular clefts

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12
Q

What are lymphatic capillaries supported by?

A

anchoring filaments

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13
Q

What is the function of lymphatic capillaries?

A

they pull away fluid to keep the interstitium dry so that filtration can continuously occur

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14
Q

What does bulk flow occur through?

A

capillary pores

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15
Q

What influences bulk flow?

A

hydrostatic pressure

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16
Q

What does fluid movement across the capillary membrane depend on?

A

the sum of osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure across the membrane

17
Q

Where is fluid filtered and where is it absorbed?

A

it is filtered at the arteriole end and absorbed at the venous end

18
Q

What is the Starling equation?

A

Kf(Pc-Pi)-(πc - πi)

19
Q

What does Pc in the starling equation stand for?

A

capillary hydrostatic pressure

20
Q

What does Pi in the starling equation stand for?

A

interstitial hydrostatic pressure

21
Q

What does πc in the starling equation stand for?

A

capillary oncotic pressure

22
Q

What does πi in the starling equation stand for?

A

interstitial oncotic pressure

23
Q

What does causes interstitial edema?

A

increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure
decrease in capillary oncotic pressure
increase in capillary permeability
decrease in lymphatic flow

24
Q

What is the function of lymphatics?

A

drain excess fluid from interstitial space, removing excess interstitial protein and returning it back into circulation, and removing particles and bacteria into the blood system

25
What determines the rate of lymph flow?
muscle contraction, movement, and arterial pulsations
26
What influences pressure in all systemic veins?
right arterial pressure
27
What does greater venous restriction influence?
flow
28
What is the function of veins?
return blood to the heart and are storage areas
29
What is vascular compliance?
The ability of a blood vessel wall to expand and contract passively with changes in pressure is an important function of large arteries and veins.
30
How is vascular compliance calculated?
ΔV/ΔP
31
When the heart starts, what happens to the volume in veins?
it decreases
32
How does a rapid increase in volume affect veins?
It increases its pressure but not drastically
33
When the heart starts, what happens to volume in arteries?
it increases
34
How does a rapid increase in volume affect the pressure in arteries?
It increases it dramatically