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Histology > Exam 2 Lecture - Development of the Urogenital System > Flashcards

Exam 2 Lecture - Development of the Urogenital System Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the urogenital ridge found?

A

in the dorsal part of the embryologic kidney

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2
Q

What are the 3 attempts to make the kidney called?

A

pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros

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3
Q

Where does the pronephric attempt occur?

A

most cranial attempt; in the neck

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4
Q

What does the pronephric attempt become?

A

the mesonephric duct

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5
Q

How does the mesonephros attempt of the kidney degrade?

A

once it reaches its maximum size, it degenerates from cranial to caudal

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6
Q

What does the mesonephros attempt become in the adult?

A

in the male, the caudal tubules and duct remain to form testicular channels, epididymis and ductus deferens

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7
Q

What is the metanephros?

A

the attempt of kidney creation that becomes the adult kidney

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8
Q

What structures create the adult kidney?

A

the metonephric diverticulum and the metonephrogenic mass

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9
Q

Where is the metonephric diverticulum located?

A

comes off of the mesonephric duct

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10
Q

What does the metonephric diverticulum differentiate the surrounding mesoderm into?

A

the metanephrogenic mass

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11
Q

What does the metanephrogenic mass give rise to?

A

the urine conducting part of the kidney (functional unit)

-ureter, renal pelvis, calyxes and collecting ducts

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12
Q

How are nephrons formed?

A

metanephric diverticulum causes areas within the metanephrogenic mass to differentiate into renal vesicles which will transition into metanephric tubules which creates nephrons

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13
Q

True or false: the animal cannot regrow a nephron

A

true

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14
Q

What cases variations in kidneys between species?

A

the differences between interactions of the metanephrogenic mesenchyme and the metanephric diverticulum

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15
Q

What does the bladder develop as an extension of?

A

the urachus and the cranial end of the urogenital sinus

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16
Q

What does the urogenital sinus become in the male?

A

pelvic urethra and penile urethra

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17
Q

What does the urogenital sinus become in the female?

A

pelvic urethra, vestibule and the caudal vagina

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18
Q

In early development, what does the mesonephric duct go into?

A

it goes directly into the bladder

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19
Q

What does the mesonephric duct become in the adult?

A

the ductus deferens in males

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20
Q

What does the metanephric diverticulum become in the adult?

A

the ureter

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21
Q

How does the mesonephric duct and the metanephric diverticulum become in the correct places that they should be in the adult?

A

the bladder grows dorsally so that the future ureter and ductus deferens empty into it separately, and then differential growth causes them to switch places so that the ureter empties into the bladder and the ductus deferens empties into the urethra

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22
Q

renal agenesis

A

lack of development

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23
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal development of the kidney

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24
Q

hypoplasia

A

underdevelopment

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25
Q

ectopic kidneys

A

the kidney could be sitting in the pelvic cavity

26
Q

patent urachus

A

when the urachus does not close right after birth and urine still flows through the allantoic cavity

27
Q

ectopic ureter

A

not opening in the correct location

28
Q

When is genetic sex determined?

A

at fertilization

29
Q

What structures are present during indifferent development?

A

mesonephric duct and paramesonephric duct

30
Q

What structure gives rise to male structures?

A

mesonephric duct

31
Q

What structure gives rise to female structures?

A

paramesonephric duct

32
Q

What suppresses the paramesonephric duct in males?

A

the mullerian inhibiting substance

33
Q

What is the role of testosterone in males?

A

stimulate the mesonephric duct to create the ductus deferens and epididymis and stimulates the growth of the external genitalia

34
Q

What is the role of estrogen in females?

A
  • stimulate paramesonephric duct to create the uterine tube, uterus, cranial portion of the vagina
  • stimulate the formation of external genitalia (labia, clitoris, and caudal portion of vagina)
35
Q

How do germ cells migrate into the genital ridge?

A

-leave the yolk sac at about 100-300 cells and migrate into the embryo via the hind gut, through the mesentery, and into the genital ridge

36
Q

What are the gondal cords formed by?

A

disintegrating mesonephric tubules

37
Q

What do the mesonephric tubules become?

A

the seminiferous tubules, rete testis, efferent ductus

38
Q

What does the mesonephric duct become?

A

ductus deferens, epididymis

39
Q

In early development what is the function of the gubernaculum?

A

it just tethers the testicle in place

40
Q

What type of tissue is the gubernaculum?

A

mesenchymal type tissue

41
Q

How does the gubernaculum function?

A

hyaluronic acid brings water into the gubernaculum causing it to swell, then cells of the gubernaculum remove the acid causing it to shrink, bringing the testicle into the scrotum

42
Q

What are the remnants of the gubernaculum?

A

the ligament of the tail of epididymis and the proper ligament of the testes

43
Q

How are the follicles of the ovary created?

A

degenerating mesonephric tubules move into the area of development, forming the gonadal cords, the oocytes move into the gonadal cords, the oocytes begin to separate and create follicles

44
Q

What does the paramesonephric duct give rise to?

A

uterine tube, uterine horn, body, cervix, part of the vagina

45
Q

What does the urogenital sinus become?

A

part of the vagina, the vestibule

46
Q

vagina and uterus duplex

A

no fusion between the paramesonephric ducts; found in marsupials

47
Q

vagina simplex uterus duplex

A

single vagina with two uteri and two cervial canals; found in rabbits or rodents

48
Q

uterus bicornis

A

two horned, fusion of the duct creates the body of the uterus; found in the horse

49
Q

What does the genital tubercle become in the male?

A

glans penis, corpora cavernosa penis, corpus spongiosum penis

50
Q

What does the genital tubercle become in the female

A

clitoris

51
Q

What do the urogenital folds become in the male?

A

ventral aspect of the penis

52
Q

What do the urogenital folds become in the female?

A

the labia of the vulva

53
Q

What do the labioscrotal swellings become in the male?

A

scrotum

54
Q

What do the labioscrotal swellings become in the female?

A

does not really develop into anything in domestic species

55
Q

What is the anal genital distance?

A

the distance between the anus and where the tubercle ends up

56
Q

When is the anal genital distance greater?

A

when the species is exposed to testosterone

57
Q

Genital malformation: hypolasia

A

result of few or no germ cells

58
Q

Genital malformation: cryptorchidism

A

retaining testicle on one or both sides

59
Q

Genital malformation: stenosis of the ducts

A

abnormal fusion

60
Q

Genital malformation: hypospadia

A

open urethra

61
Q

Free martin

A

In dizygotic twins that share a blood supply; female is the most effected (suppression of paramesonephric duct derivatives)

Histology (36 decks)

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