Exam 3 Lecture: Acid Base Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is an acid?

A

a proton donor; increases the H+ of a solution

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2
Q

What is a base?

A

a proton acceptor; decreases H+ of a solution

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3
Q

What is the normal blood pH?

A

From 7.35 - 7.45

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4
Q

What is acidemia?

A

a pH below 7.35

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5
Q

What is alkalemia?

A

a pH above 7.45

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6
Q

What are the three independent factors that determine the acid base status of an animal?

A

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, strong ion difference, and weak acid buffers

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7
Q

Where is CO2 dissolved?

A

in the ECF

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8
Q

If ventilation rate is low, what happens to pCO2 (partial pressure) and pH?

A

pCO2 increases and pH drops - respiratory acidosis, decreased pH

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9
Q

If ventilation rate is high, what happens to pCO2 and pH?

A

pCO2 decreases and pH increases - respiratory alkalosis increased pH

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10
Q

Is CO2 considered to be acidic or alkalitic?

A

acidic

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11
Q

What are strong cations?

A

Na, K, Ca, Mg

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12
Q

What are strong anions?

A

Cl, lactate, SO4

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13
Q

In normal mammalian plasma, is do strong anions or cations have the greater concentration?

A

strong cations

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14
Q

What is the strong ion difference?

A

the difference in strong cations and anions in plasma

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15
Q

What is the cation/anion concentration in an increased SID?

A

higher cations, lower anions; the difference is larger than normal

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16
Q

What is the cation/anion concentration in a decreased SID

A

Lower cation, higher anion; the difference is smaller than normal

17
Q

What does an increased SID lead do?

A

more positive ECF, must be balanced by negative charge so OH- becomes more abundant and their concentration increases; METABOLIC ALKALOSIS

18
Q

What does a decreased SID lead to?

A

less positive ECF, must be balanced by more positive charge, H+ becomes more abundant; METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

19
Q

What happens to weak acids at physiological pH?

A

they partially dissociate but not all of the way

20
Q

What is the total number of weak acid labeled as?

21
Q

What does increasing Atot lead to?

A

metabolic acidosis

22
Q

What does decreasing Atot lead to?

A

metabolic alkalosis

23
Q

What is pCO2 determined by?

A

lungs, tossies

24
Q

What is SID determined by?

A

tissues, gut, kidneys

25
What is Atot determined by?
the Liver
26
If an animal is acidemic, what is the goal of the kidney?
to increase ECF SID
27
How does the kidney increase ECF SID?
by decreasing Cl reabsorption and increasing Na reabsorption
28
If an animal is alkalemic, what is the goal of the kidney?
to decrease ECF SID
29
How does the kidney decrease ECF SID?
by decreasing Na reabsorption and increasing Cl reabsorption