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Histology > Exam 3 Lecture: Acid Base Regulation > Flashcards

Exam 3 Lecture: Acid Base Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is an acid?

A

a proton donor; increases the H+ of a solution

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2
Q

What is a base?

A

a proton acceptor; decreases H+ of a solution

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3
Q

What is the normal blood pH?

A

From 7.35 - 7.45

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4
Q

What is acidemia?

A

a pH below 7.35

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5
Q

What is alkalemia?

A

a pH above 7.45

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6
Q

What are the three independent factors that determine the acid base status of an animal?

A

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, strong ion difference, and weak acid buffers

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7
Q

Where is CO2 dissolved?

A

in the ECF

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8
Q

If ventilation rate is low, what happens to pCO2 (partial pressure) and pH?

A

pCO2 increases and pH drops - respiratory acidosis, decreased pH

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9
Q

If ventilation rate is high, what happens to pCO2 and pH?

A

pCO2 decreases and pH increases - respiratory alkalosis increased pH

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10
Q

Is CO2 considered to be acidic or alkalitic?

A

acidic

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11
Q

What are strong cations?

A

Na, K, Ca, Mg

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12
Q

What are strong anions?

A

Cl, lactate, SO4

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13
Q

In normal mammalian plasma, is do strong anions or cations have the greater concentration?

A

strong cations

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14
Q

What is the strong ion difference?

A

the difference in strong cations and anions in plasma

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15
Q

What is the cation/anion concentration in an increased SID?

A

higher cations, lower anions; the difference is larger than normal

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16
Q

What is the cation/anion concentration in a decreased SID

A

Lower cation, higher anion; the difference is smaller than normal

17
Q

What does an increased SID lead do?

A

more positive ECF, must be balanced by negative charge so OH- becomes more abundant and their concentration increases; METABOLIC ALKALOSIS

18
Q

What does a decreased SID lead to?

A

less positive ECF, must be balanced by more positive charge, H+ becomes more abundant; METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

19
Q

What happens to weak acids at physiological pH?

A

they partially dissociate but not all of the way

20
Q

What is the total number of weak acid labeled as?

A

Atot

21
Q

What does increasing Atot lead to?

A

metabolic acidosis

22
Q

What does decreasing Atot lead to?

A

metabolic alkalosis

23
Q

What is pCO2 determined by?

A

lungs, tossies

24
Q

What is SID determined by?

A

tissues, gut, kidneys

25
Q

What is Atot determined by?

A

the Liver

26
Q

If an animal is acidemic, what is the goal of the kidney?

A

to increase ECF SID

27
Q

How does the kidney increase ECF SID?

A

by decreasing Cl reabsorption and increasing Na reabsorption

28
Q

If an animal is alkalemic, what is the goal of the kidney?

A

to decrease ECF SID

29
Q

How does the kidney decrease ECF SID?

A

by decreasing Na reabsorption and increasing Cl reabsorption

Histology (36 decks)

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