Exam 3 Lecture: Acid Base Regulation Flashcards
What is an acid?
a proton donor; increases the H+ of a solution
What is a base?
a proton acceptor; decreases H+ of a solution
What is the normal blood pH?
From 7.35 - 7.45
What is acidemia?
a pH below 7.35
What is alkalemia?
a pH above 7.45
What are the three independent factors that determine the acid base status of an animal?
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, strong ion difference, and weak acid buffers
Where is CO2 dissolved?
in the ECF
If ventilation rate is low, what happens to pCO2 (partial pressure) and pH?
pCO2 increases and pH drops - respiratory acidosis, decreased pH
If ventilation rate is high, what happens to pCO2 and pH?
pCO2 decreases and pH increases - respiratory alkalosis increased pH
Is CO2 considered to be acidic or alkalitic?
acidic
What are strong cations?
Na, K, Ca, Mg
What are strong anions?
Cl, lactate, SO4
In normal mammalian plasma, is do strong anions or cations have the greater concentration?
strong cations
What is the strong ion difference?
the difference in strong cations and anions in plasma
What is the cation/anion concentration in an increased SID?
higher cations, lower anions; the difference is larger than normal
What is the cation/anion concentration in a decreased SID
Lower cation, higher anion; the difference is smaller than normal
What does an increased SID lead do?
more positive ECF, must be balanced by negative charge so OH- becomes more abundant and their concentration increases; METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
What does a decreased SID lead to?
less positive ECF, must be balanced by more positive charge, H+ becomes more abundant; METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
What happens to weak acids at physiological pH?
they partially dissociate but not all of the way
What is the total number of weak acid labeled as?
Atot
What does increasing Atot lead to?
metabolic acidosis
What does decreasing Atot lead to?
metabolic alkalosis
What is pCO2 determined by?
lungs, tossies
What is SID determined by?
tissues, gut, kidneys
What is Atot determined by?
the Liver
If an animal is acidemic, what is the goal of the kidney?
to increase ECF SID
How does the kidney increase ECF SID?
by decreasing Cl reabsorption and increasing Na reabsorption
If an animal is alkalemic, what is the goal of the kidney?
to decrease ECF SID
How does the kidney decrease ECF SID?
by decreasing Na reabsorption and increasing Cl reabsorption
