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Histology > Exam 3 Lab > Flashcards

Exam 3 Lab Flashcards

1
Q

Identify this structure:

A

Inner Medulla

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2
Q

What is located in the inner medulla?

A

collecting ducts

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3
Q

Identify this strucutre:

A

Outer Medulla

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4
Q

What is located in the outer medulla?

A

Distal straight tubule, collecting ducts, Loops of Henle

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5
Q

Identify this structure:

A

Cortex

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6
Q

What is located in the cortex?

A

Renal corpuscle, medullary rays, cortical labrynth, proximal and distal straight and convoluted tubules, collecting ducts

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7
Q

Identify this structure:

A

Cortical labryinth

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8
Q

What is located in the cortical labrynth?

A

proximal and distal convoluted tubules

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9
Q

Identify this structure:

A

Medullary ray

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10
Q

What is located in the medullary rays?

A

proximal and distal straight tubules, collecting ducts

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11
Q

Identify this structure:

A

renal capsule

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12
Q

Identify this structure:

A

renal pelvis

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13
Q

Identify this structure:

A

Renal corpuscle

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14
Q

What is are the parts of the renal corpuscle?

A

the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule

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15
Q

Identify this structure:

A

Bowman’s capsule

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16
Q

Identify this structure:

A

Glomerulus

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17
Q

Identify this structure:

A

the vascular pole

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18
Q

What occurs at the vascular pole?

A

the arterioles enter here

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19
Q

Identify this structure:

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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20
Q

Where is the proximal convoluted tubule located?

A

in the cortical labyrith of the cortex

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21
Q

What is the structure of the proximal tubules?

A

cuboidal epithelium, microvilli on the lumen, large basolaterally located nuclei, lots of mitochondria

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22
Q

Identify this structure:

A

Proximal straight tubule

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23
Q

Where are the proximal straight tubules located?

A

in the medullary rays of the cortex

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24
Q

What is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule?

A

Na, H2O, K, solutes, glucose, Amino acids, bicarbs

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25
Q

How is a Na gradient created in the proximal tubule?

A

via NaKATPase

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26
Q

What molecules facilitate diffusion in the first half of the proximal tubule that allow Na to be reabsorbed?

A

NaH antiporter, Na symporters

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27
Q

How is K reabsorbed in the proximal tubule?

A

paracellularly in the late proximal tubule, transcellularly via the K+Cl- symporter at the basolateral membrane

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28
Q

What are the reabsorptive mechanisms in the 2nd half of the proximal tubule?

A

NaH antiporter, Cl- anion antiporter, Paracelluar reabsorption for Na and Cl, K Cl symporter

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29
Q

What allows the Na and Cl mechanisms in the proximal tubule function?

A

the constant circulation of H+ and anions between the lumen and the epithelial cell

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30
Q

Identify this structure:

A

Distal convoluted tubule

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31
Q

Identify this structure:

A

Distal straight tubule

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32
Q

Where are the distal convoluted tubule located?

A

in the cortical labyrinth of the cortex

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33
Q

Where is the distal straight tubules located?

A

in the medullary rays of the cortex

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34
Q

What is the structure of the distal tubules?

A

low cuboidal, mroe oval apical nuclei, few microvilli, few mitochondria, lumen is not as fuzzy

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35
Q

In the absense of antidiuretic hormone, what is the distal tubule impermeable to?

A

urea and water

36
Q

What are the reabsorption methods in the early part of the distal tubule?

A

NaH antiporter, NKCC1, Paracellular reabsorption

37
Q

What are reabsorbed paracellularly in the initial distal tubule?

A

Na, K, Ca

38
Q

What are the reabsorptive methods of the later distal tubule?

A

NaCl symporter

39
Q

What do thiazide diuretics do?

A

inhibit NaCl symporter

40
Q

Where is K reabsorbed in the distal tubule?

A

in the distal straight tubule

41
Q

Identify this structure:

A

Collecting duct

42
Q

What is the structure of the collecting duct?

A

cuboidal epithelium, large nucleus with a halo around it, diminished brush border

43
Q

What are the regions of the collecting duct?

A

cortical, medullary, papillary

44
Q

What are the general cell types of cortical collecting duct?

A

principle and intercalated

45
Q

What are the structural components of principle cells in collecting ducts?

A

some mitochondria and microvilli

46
Q

What are the types of intercalated cells?

A

type a and type b

47
Q

What do type A (alpha )intercalated cells do?

A

excrete H and reabsorb HCO3 and K

48
Q

What do type B intercalated cells do?

A

excrete HCO3 and reabsorb H

49
Q

What cells are located in the outer medullary collecting duct?

A

principle cells and intercalated cells

50
Q

What cells are located in the inner medullary collecting ducts?

A

principle cells

51
Q

What cells are located in the papillary collecting ducts?

A

principle cells

52
Q

Is the collecting duct water permeable?

A

only in the presence of ADH

53
Q

What are the reabsorptive methods in the principle cells of the collecting ducts?

A

Amiloride sensitive Na channel, paracellular, K channels

54
Q

What is reabsorbed paracellularly in principle cells of the collecting duct?

A

Cl

55
Q

What is the function of principle cells?

A

to secrete K on the luminal side

56
Q

How is K reabsorbed in the collecting duct?

A

HKATPase brings K into the luminal membrane, then enters the ECF via K channels

57
Q

Identify this structure:

A

Loop of Henle

58
Q

What is the structure of cells in the loop of henle?

A

simple squamous, few microvilli and few mitochondria, bulging nuclei

59
Q

What is the structure of the Loop of Henle?

A

it has an ascending limb and a descending limb

60
Q

What occurs in the descending limb?

A

it is permeable to H2O, but impermeable to Na; therefore H20 reabsorption occirs here

61
Q

What occurs in the ascending limb of the Loop of Henle?

A

Not really permeable to H2O but permeable to Na; Na reabsorption reoccurs here

62
Q

Identify this structure:

A

the macula densa

63
Q

Where is the macula densa located?

A

at the junction of the straight and convoluted tubule

64
Q

What is the structure of the macula densa?

A

densely packed tall cells with no basal lamina

65
Q

What does the lack of the basal lamina allow?

A

direct contact between extraglomerular mesangial cells and juxtaglomerular cells

66
Q

What does the macula densa aid in?

A

altering GFR; sends signal to extraglomerular mesangial cells to have the juxtaglomerular cells alter GFR (by releasing Renin)

67
Q

In order of most water absorbance to least, name where water is absorbed in the nephron.

A

Proximal tubule (67%), Loop of Henle, Distal tubule in the presence of ADH, Collecting ducts in the presence of ADH

68
Q

Explain the flow of filtrate through the nephron.

A

Glomerulus, to Bowman’s capsule, Proximal convoluted tubule, Proximal straight tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal straight tubule, Distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct

69
Q

Where does the only active reabsorption occur, what is reabsorbed, and what is the mechanism?

A

In the distal straight tubule, Na reabsorption, NKCC1

70
Q

What is the fluid like in the distal straight tubule?

A

hypotonic

71
Q

Where does the NaKATPase function to make a concentration gradient for reabsorption?

A

Everywhere but the Loop of Henle

72
Q

Identify this structure:

A

transitional epithelium

73
Q

Identify this structure:

A

lamina propria

74
Q

Identify this structure:

A

longitudinal muscle

75
Q

Identify this structure:

A

circular smooth muscle

76
Q

What is the major smooth muscle layer of the ureter?

A

circular smooth muscle

77
Q

Identify this structure:

A

Tunica adventitia

78
Q

Identify this structure:

A

cross section of the bladder

79
Q

Identify this structure:

A

Lamina propria

80
Q

Identify this structure:

A

Inner longitudinal layer

81
Q

Identify this structure:

A

Middle circular layer

82
Q

Identify this structure:

A

Outer longitudinal layer

83
Q

Identify this structure:

A

urethra

84
Q

Identify this structure:

A

inner circular layer

85
Q

Identify this structure:

A

outer longitidinal layer

86
Q

What is the major muscle layer of the urethra?

A

circular layer

Histology (36 decks)

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