Exam 2 Lecture - Development of the Respiratory System Flashcards
What do each pharyngeal arches include?
aortic arch, cartilage rod, cranial nerve, muscle
How many pharyngeal arches are there and what are their names?
5; 1,2,3,4,6
What nerve innervates the 1st pharyngeal arch?
CN V
What bones does the 1st pharyngeal arch become?
mandible, maxilla, incus and malleus
What muscles does the 1st pharyngeal arch become?
Muscles of mastication plus the rostral part of the digastricus
What nerve innervates the 2nd pharyngeal arch?
CN VII
What bones does the 2nd pharyngeal arch become?
hyoid bones and stapes
What muscles does the 2nd pharyngeal arch become?
muscles of facial expression plus caudal digastricus
What cranial nerve innervates the 4th pharyngeal arch?
cranial laryngeal nerve (goes around the remnant of the right 6th aortic arch)
What cranial nerve innervates the 6th pharyngeal arch?
caudal laryngeal nerve (goes around the right subclavian)
What structure does the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arch become?
laryngeal cartilage
What muscle does the 4th pharyngeal arch become?
cricothyroideus muscle
What muscle does the 6th pharyngeal arch become?
remaining intrinsic laryngeal muscles
What is cleft lip caused by?
the failure of the medial nasal process and maxillary process to close
What is cleft palate caused by?
failure of the secondary palates to fuse with each other and the primary palate
Where does the larynx form?
between the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches
What is the purpose of the laryngotracheal groove?
1st attempt at the separation of the esophagus and the trachea- begins caudally to cranially
How does the lungs get fluid out after birth?
once it expands, it increases surface area so that the capillaries and the lymphatic vessels get the fluid away
Pulmonary hypoplasia
underdevelopment of the lung caused by a small amount of amniotic fluid or a size restriction
tracheal hypoplasia
small trachea
tracheoesophageal fistulas
abnormal connection between the trachea and esophagus
