Exam 2 Lecture - Development of the Respiratory System

Question 1

What do each pharyngeal arches include?

Answer 1

aortic arch, cartilage rod, cranial nerve, muscle

Question 2

How many pharyngeal arches are there and what are their names?

Answer 2

5; 1,2,3,4,6

Question 3

What nerve innervates the 1st pharyngeal arch?

Answer 3

CN V

Question 4

What bones does the 1st pharyngeal arch become?

Answer 4

mandible, maxilla, incus and malleus

Question 5

What muscles does the 1st pharyngeal arch become?

Answer 5

Muscles of mastication plus the rostral part of the digastricus

Question 6

What nerve innervates the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

Answer 6

CN VII

Question 7

What bones does the 2nd pharyngeal arch become?

Answer 7

hyoid bones and stapes

Question 8

What muscles does the 2nd pharyngeal arch become?

Answer 8

muscles of facial expression plus caudal digastricus

Question 9

What cranial nerve innervates the 4th pharyngeal arch?

Answer 9

cranial laryngeal nerve (goes around the remnant of the right 6th aortic arch)

Question 10

What cranial nerve innervates the 6th pharyngeal arch?

Answer 10

caudal laryngeal nerve (goes around the right subclavian)

Question 11

What structure does the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arch become?

Answer 11

laryngeal cartilage

Question 12

What muscle does the 4th pharyngeal arch become?

Answer 12

cricothyroideus muscle

Question 13

What muscle does the 6th pharyngeal arch become?

Answer 13

remaining intrinsic laryngeal muscles

Question 14

What is cleft lip caused by?

Answer 14

the failure of the medial nasal process and maxillary process to close

Question 15

What is cleft palate caused by?

Answer 15

failure of the secondary palates to fuse with each other and the primary palate

Question 16

Where does the larynx form?

Answer 16

between the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches

Question 17

What is the purpose of the laryngotracheal groove?

Answer 17

1st attempt at the separation of the esophagus and the trachea- begins caudally to cranially

Question 18

How does the lungs get fluid out after birth?

Answer 18

once it expands, it increases surface area so that the capillaries and the lymphatic vessels get the fluid away

Question 19

Pulmonary hypoplasia

Answer 19

underdevelopment of the lung caused by a small amount of amniotic fluid or a size restriction

Question 20

tracheal hypoplasia

Answer 20

small trachea

Question 21

tracheoesophageal fistulas

Answer 21

abnormal connection between the trachea and esophagus