Unit 4 - CV System Overview Flashcards
What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system?
transport and delivery
What does cardiovascular system deliver and at what rate?
nutrients and other substances at an adequate rate
What specifically does the cardiovascular system deliver?
Oxygen, glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, water, electrolytes, and hormones
What does the cardiovascular system remove and at what rate?
wastes at an adequate rate
What specifically does the cardiovascular system remove?
Carbon dioxide, lactic acid, nitrogenous wastes, heat
What does the cardiovascular system need to fulfill its main functions?
a transport medium, a heart, and a regulatory system
What is the hearts transport medium and how does it function?
blood; delivery by arteries, then distribution by capillaries, and return by veins
What is the importance of the pump in fulfilling the cardiovascular systems main functions?
It provides the energy to drive blood flow and perfusion pressure
What is systole?
ventricular contraction
What happens to blood during systole?
it is ejected from the ventricles
What is diastole?
ventricular relaxation
What happens to blood during diastole?
it flows into the heart to fill it
Explain the flow of blood from the right atrium to systemic circulation.
Right atrium, to the right ventricle, to the pulmonary trunk, to the pulmonary arteries, to the lungs, to the pulmonary veins, to the left atrium, to the left ventricle, to the aorta
What are the vessel types in the cardiovascular system?
Arteries, arterioles, and veins
In arteries, is pressure high or low?
high
In arterioles is pressure high or low?
lower than arteries
As compared to arteries, what is different about the make up of veins, the size, and the location?
they have more elastin, bigger, and are generally located closer to the heart
What are the components of pulmonary circulation (vessel type/name, side of heart)?
right heart, pulmonary artery, arterioles, capillaries, venules, pulmonary vein
What is the function of pulmonary circulation?
O2 and CO2 exchange and acid/base regulation
What are the components of systemic circulation (vessel type/name, side of heart)?
left heart, aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, systemic veins
What is the function of systemic circulation?
supplies organs and tissues with blood
How is blood flow measured?
the amount of volume moved over time
What is cardiac output?
the amount of flow leaving either ventricle
How is cardiac output measured?
CO= SV * HR
the amount of flow from either ventricle over 1 minute multiplied by the number of ventricular contactions
What is blood flow maintained by?
Adequate arterial pressure, adequate cardiac output
What are the two types of blood pressure?
transmural P and perfusion pressure
What is transmural pressure?
force/unit area of vessel wall
How is transmural pressure measured?
inside P - outside P = mmHg
What is perfusion pressure?
the force pushing blood through the vessel
How is perfusion pressure measured?
Change in pressure = mean pressure at the beginning - mean pressure at the end
Is pressure in the left atrium high or low?
low
During diastole, is pressure in the left ventricle high or low?
low
During systole, is pressure in the left ventricle high or low?
high
During diastole, is pressure in the aorta high or low, and how does it compare to pressure in the left ventricle at this time?
high - higher than the left ventricle
During systole, is pressure in the aorta high or low, and how does it compare to pressure in the left atrium at the time?
high - equal to the pressure of the left atrium
During diastole, how is the pressure in arteries compared to the aorta at the time?
it is a little lower
During systole, how is the pressure in arteries compared to the aorta at the time?
it is a little higher
Generally, how is the pressure in the arterioles as compared to arteries, capillaries, and the right heart?
overall it is lower than arteries, higher than capillaries, higher than the right heart
Is pressure in the capillaries or in the veins higher?
pressure in capillaries is higher than veins
In general, is pressure in the right atrium high or low?
low
In relation to the right atrium, is pressure in the right ventricle high or low?
higher than the right atrium
Is pressure in pulmonary vessels high or low?
low
What is resistance?
impediment to flow
What can changes in resistance influence?
arterial pressure and cardiac output
As the diameter of a vessel decreases, what happens to the resistance in that vessel?
resistance increases
