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Histology > Unit 4 - CV System Overview > Flashcards

Unit 4 - CV System Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

transport and delivery

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2
Q

What does cardiovascular system deliver and at what rate?

A

nutrients and other substances at an adequate rate

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3
Q

What specifically does the cardiovascular system deliver?

A

Oxygen, glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, water, electrolytes, and hormones

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4
Q

What does the cardiovascular system remove and at what rate?

A

wastes at an adequate rate

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5
Q

What specifically does the cardiovascular system remove?

A

Carbon dioxide, lactic acid, nitrogenous wastes, heat

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6
Q

What does the cardiovascular system need to fulfill its main functions?

A

a transport medium, a heart, and a regulatory system

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7
Q

What is the hearts transport medium and how does it function?

A

blood; delivery by arteries, then distribution by capillaries, and return by veins

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8
Q

What is the importance of the pump in fulfilling the cardiovascular systems main functions?

A

It provides the energy to drive blood flow and perfusion pressure

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9
Q

What is systole?

A

ventricular contraction

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10
Q

What happens to blood during systole?

A

it is ejected from the ventricles

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11
Q

What is diastole?

A

ventricular relaxation

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12
Q

What happens to blood during diastole?

A

it flows into the heart to fill it

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13
Q

Explain the flow of blood from the right atrium to systemic circulation.

A

Right atrium, to the right ventricle, to the pulmonary trunk, to the pulmonary arteries, to the lungs, to the pulmonary veins, to the left atrium, to the left ventricle, to the aorta

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14
Q

What are the vessel types in the cardiovascular system?

A

Arteries, arterioles, and veins

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15
Q

In arteries, is pressure high or low?

A

high

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16
Q

In arterioles is pressure high or low?

A

lower than arteries

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17
Q

As compared to arteries, what is different about the make up of veins, the size, and the location?

A

they have more elastin, bigger, and are generally located closer to the heart

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18
Q

What are the components of pulmonary circulation (vessel type/name, side of heart)?

A

right heart, pulmonary artery, arterioles, capillaries, venules, pulmonary vein

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19
Q

What is the function of pulmonary circulation?

A

O2 and CO2 exchange and acid/base regulation

20
Q

What are the components of systemic circulation (vessel type/name, side of heart)?

A

left heart, aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, systemic veins

21
Q

What is the function of systemic circulation?

A

supplies organs and tissues with blood

22
Q

How is blood flow measured?

A

the amount of volume moved over time

23
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

the amount of flow leaving either ventricle

24
Q

How is cardiac output measured?

A

CO= SV * HR

the amount of flow from either ventricle over 1 minute multiplied by the number of ventricular contactions

25
Q

What is blood flow maintained by?

A

Adequate arterial pressure, adequate cardiac output

26
Q

What are the two types of blood pressure?

A

transmural P and perfusion pressure

27
Q

What is transmural pressure?

A

force/unit area of vessel wall

28
Q

How is transmural pressure measured?

A

inside P - outside P = mmHg

29
Q

What is perfusion pressure?

A

the force pushing blood through the vessel

30
Q

How is perfusion pressure measured?

A

Change in pressure = mean pressure at the beginning - mean pressure at the end

31
Q

Is pressure in the left atrium high or low?

A

low

32
Q

During diastole, is pressure in the left ventricle high or low?

A

low

33
Q

During systole, is pressure in the left ventricle high or low?

A

high

34
Q

During diastole, is pressure in the aorta high or low, and how does it compare to pressure in the left ventricle at this time?

A

high - higher than the left ventricle

35
Q

During systole, is pressure in the aorta high or low, and how does it compare to pressure in the left atrium at the time?

A

high - equal to the pressure of the left atrium

36
Q

During diastole, how is the pressure in arteries compared to the aorta at the time?

A

it is a little lower

37
Q

During systole, how is the pressure in arteries compared to the aorta at the time?

A

it is a little higher

38
Q

Generally, how is the pressure in the arterioles as compared to arteries, capillaries, and the right heart?

A

overall it is lower than arteries, higher than capillaries, higher than the right heart

39
Q

Is pressure in the capillaries or in the veins higher?

A

pressure in capillaries is higher than veins

40
Q

In general, is pressure in the right atrium high or low?

A

low

41
Q

In relation to the right atrium, is pressure in the right ventricle high or low?

A

higher than the right atrium

42
Q

Is pressure in pulmonary vessels high or low?

A

low

43
Q

What is resistance?

A

impediment to flow

44
Q

What can changes in resistance influence?

A

arterial pressure and cardiac output

45
Q

As the diameter of a vessel decreases, what happens to the resistance in that vessel?

A

resistance increases

Histology (36 decks)

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