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Histology > Unit 4 - Electrocardiogram > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Electrocardiogram Flashcards

1
Q

What is this?

A

a P-QRS-T complex

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2
Q

What is occuring at the p wave?

A

atrial depolarization

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3
Q

What occurs during the P-Q interval?

A

atrioventricular conduction - travels through the AV node

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4
Q

What occurs in the QRS complex?

A

ventricular depolarization

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5
Q

What occurs during the S-T interval?

A

the end of ventricular depolarization and the beginning of repolarization

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6
Q

What is occuring at the t-wave?

A

ventricular repolarization - it can be positive or negative

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7
Q

What is a lead axis?

A

the connection of two parts of the body by electrodes and wires with the ECG

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8
Q

What are the clinically useful leads?

A

I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF

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9
Q

What is the MEA?

A

the average of all instantaneous mean electrical vectors occurring sequentially during depolarization of the ventricles

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10
Q

Why is MEA clinically useful?

A

Estimation is clinically useful because deviations from it can mean that there is an abnormality somewhere in the heart, and the lead showing the abnormality can tell us exactly what is going on

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11
Q

What is a heart rate?

A

the number of beats or complexes per minute

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12
Q

How do you estimate the MEA?

A

Choose lead with most isoelectric QRS and Find lead perpendicular to this

OR

Choose lead with tallest R wave MEA points to positive pole of this lead

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13
Q

Why does the sinus node control the heart’s rhythm?

A

Because it is the first one to depolarize. The AV node is not as fast and gets ‘washed over by a wave’ so it has to start over and try and depolarize again

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14
Q

How would you describe a normal sinus rhythm?

A

every P has a QRS and every QRS has a P

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15
Q

How would you describe a supraventricular rhythm?

A

there is a funky p wave; it is positive with a different shape, it has a negative deflection, or it doesnt exist

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16
Q

How would you describe a ventricular rhythm?

A

wide and bizarre, depolarization is occuring much more slowly

17
Q

How would you describe a premature sinus wave?

A

it comes in earlier than the other normal sinus rhythms; sometimes the p wave is absent

18
Q

How would you describe a late rhythm?

A

it is known as an escape rhythm and there is an abnormal amount of space between the t wave and the proceeding p wave

19
Q

How would you describe 1 degree AV block?

A

a prolonged P-Q interval

20
Q

How would you describe a 2nd degree AV block?

A

some normal sinus complexes and then some unconducted p wave

21
Q

How would you describe a 3rd degree AV block?

A

There is no electrical activity that passes all of the way through; the p waves are alone, the QRS complexes are alone

22
Q

What are the ECG characteristics of artial fibrilation?

A

fast heart rate, irregular rhythm, normal QRS complex, no p-waves, sometimes there are little 1/2 p waves

23
Q

What are the consequences of atrial fibrillation?

A

poor cardiac output, fast heart rate - less time to fill ventricles, can lead to blood clots

24
Q

What would a venrtricular fibrillation ECG look like?

A

normal sinus rhythms, then ventricular premature rhythms, then ventricular tacchycardia; there is no meaningful contraction

25
Q

Describe this ECG:

A

Sinus rhythm with a superventricular premature complex

26
Q

Describe this ECG:

A

Sinus rythm with occasional ventricular premature complexes

27
Q

Describe this ECG:

A

Sinus arrhythmia with a blocked P wave and a ventricular escape complex

28
Q

Describe this ECG:

A

Sinus rhythm with VPCs (singles and doubles)

29
Q

Describe this ECG:

A

Sinus rhythm with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

30
Q

Describe this ECG:

A

Sinus rhythm with paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia

31
Q

Describe this ECG:

A

sinus rhythm with frequent VPCs and paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia

32
Q

Describe this ECG:

A

sinus arrest/sinus bradyarrhythmia

33
Q

Describe this ECG:

A

Sinus rhythm with second degree AV block

34
Q

Describe this ECG:

A

Sinus rhytm with 3rd degree AV block

35
Q

Describe this ECG:

A

Atrial fibrilation

36
Q

Describe this ECG:

A

Ventricular tachycardia

37
Q

What is bradycardia?

A

slow heart rate

38
Q

What is tachycardia?

A

fast heart rate

Histology (36 decks)

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