Unit 4 - Male Repro Labs Flashcards
History: Tissue from a 9-year-old intact male mixed breed dog reported to be straining to defecate and producing ribbon-shaped feces.
Describe the lesion:
The bi-lobed prostate is diffusely, bilaterally and symmetrically enlarged: measuring 4 cm x 5 cm. The cut surface is homogenous and regular.
Not shown: One testicle is significantly smaller the the other. The epididymis is disproportionally larger than the testicle and there is a 0.5cm focus of firm, white/gray tissue affecting the tail of the epididymis.
History: Tissue from a 9-year-old intact male mixed breed dog reported to be straining to defecate and producing ribbon-shaped feces.
Give the morphologic diagnosis(es).
- Prostate: Prostatomegaly, bilaterally symmetrical, diffuse, chronic
- Testicle: Unilateral testicular atrophy with epididymal fibrosis.
History: Tissue from a 9-year-old intact male mixed breed dog reported to be straining to defecate and producing ribbon-shaped feces.
Considering the gross lesions, give the two most likely differentials for the prostatic lesion
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia,
- Squamous metaplasia
History: Tissue from a 9-year-old intact male mixed breed dog reported to be straining to defecate and producing ribbon-shaped feces.
Are you surprised to identify this condition in an old intact male dog and how could it be treated?
Prostatic hyperplasia is very common in aged, INTACT male dogs. >95% of intact male dog >9 years of age will have evidence of prostatic hyperplasia. This is an Age- and testosterone-dependent condition and Neutering will cause regression of prostatic hyperplasia
History: Tissue from two different 10-year-old mixed breed dogs recently castrated due to the presence of testicular enlargement.
Describe the lesions.
- On cut surface of the testicle, there are two focal, well-demarcated nodules. One is approximately 1 cm in diameter and the second 1.5 cm in diameter. The nodules are well circumscribed and demarcated. The color is yellow/orange to dark brown (hemorrhage) and mottled. The nodule is slightly more firm than the adjacent parenchyma.
- On cut surface of the testicle, there is a focal, well-demarcated nodule that is approximately 4 x 5 cm and bulges beyond the cut surface. The nodule is well circumscribed and demarcated. The color is cream to white and the mass is soft.
History: Tissue from two different 10-year-old mixed breed dogs recently castrated due to the presence of testicular enlargement.\
These are two different testicular tumors. Based on the gross morphology, what is the most likely diagnosis for each tumor?
- Multifocal Interstitial cell tumor
- Seminoma
History: Tissue from two different 10-year-old mixed breed dogs recently castrated due to the presence of testicular enlargement.
What is the expected biologic behavior for each tumor?
Interstitial (Leydig) cell tumor. These tumors are almost always benign.
Seminoma Typically benign (6–11% metastasize)
History: Tissue from two different 10-year-old mixed breed dogs recently castrated due to the presence of testicular enlargement.
Which tumor of these two tumors would be more common in a cryptorchid dog?
Seminoma
History: This testicle was removed from the abdomen of a golden retriever, Sam.
Describe the lesion(s)
The testicle is enlarged and measures 4.5 cm x 7 cm. The testicle is very firm. On cut surface, it is multilobulated and the parenchyma is encircled and intersected by thin bands of white material (fibrosis). The parenchyma is white top pale tan in color.
History: This testicle was removed from the abdomen of a golden retriever, Sam.
Give the morphologic diagnosis(es).
Testicle: Chronic, multilobular testicular mass
History: This testicle was removed from the abdomen of a golden retriever, Sam.
Based on the gross appearance what are two differentials for this lesion?
Sertoli cell tumor (most likely due to the fibrosis)
Seminoma
History: This testicle was removed from the abdomen of a golden retriever, Sam.
These tumors may be functional (produce hormones). What hormone is typically produced and what clinical signs might be observed.
About 1/3 of sertoli cell tumors are functional and usually produce estrogen, causing:
Bilateral symmetrical alopecia
Gynacomastia
Pendulous prepuce
Atrophy of contralateral testicle
Bone marrow depression (may be irreversible)
Attractiveness to other male dogs
Squamous metaplasia of prostatic urethra and epithelium
History: This testicle was removed from the abdomen of a golden retriever, Sam.
Is it significant that this was a cryptorchid testicle?
Retained testes are more likely to develop neoplasia & at an earlier age (Sertoli cell tumor or seminoma)
History: Tissues from a 9 year old castrated male papillon dog
Describe the lesions.
Prostate gland: The prostate gland is very firm and asymmetrically enlarged measuring 2.5 X 1.5 cm on the caudal aspect of the gland. The lung has moderate numbers of 1-4 mm in diameter cream-color nodules scattered randomly throughout all lung lobes.
History: Tissues from a 9 year old castrated male papillon dog
Provide appropriate morphologic diagnoses
Prostate: chronic, focal prostatic mass
Lung: chronic multifocal pulmonary nodules.
History: Tissues from a 9 year old castrated male papillon dog
What are your most likely diagnoses on this case?
Malignant prostatic tumor with pulmonary metastases.
History: Tissues from a 9 year old castrated male papillon dog
What other locations might this mass have metastasized.
- lymph node (64%), lung (62%) and bone (28%)
- metastasize to the skeleton in up to 35% of cases, most commonly to lumbar vertebra, pelvis, and femur
History: Tissues from a 9 year old castrated male papillon dog
This dog was castrated long ago, which would have resulted in prostatic atrophy. Shouldn’t this prevent the development of tumors of the prostate?
No prostatic tumors are just as likely in castrated males.
History: Tissue from a 2 yr old male English Billdog with one palpably enlarged testicle.
Describe the lesion(s).
There is diffuse enlargement of the epididymis. The head of the epididymis is markedly enlarged, homogeneously cream colored and firm. There is a focal fibrous adhesion between the head of the epididymis and the vaginal tunics. The testicle is diffusely small and soft.
History: Tissue from a 2 yr old male English Billdog with one palpably enlarged testicle.
Provide a morphologic diagnosis
Testicle: Chronic fibrosing epididymitis with associated testicular atrophy.
History: Tissue from a 2 yr old male English Billdog with one palpably enlarged testicle.
Does the location of this lesion provide insight into the potential cause?
The lesion is particularly severe in the head of the epididymis, so there is likely a spermatic granuloma.
Since it also involved the tail, there was likely an ascending bacterial infection from the urogenital tract caused an epididymitis leading to sperm stasis resulting in the spermatic granuloma as described below.
History: Tissue from a 2 yr old male English Billdog with one palpably enlarged testicle.
What is the likely pathogenesis of this lesion based on it’s location?
Large focus on epididymal head: Disruption of flow of spermatozoa → spermatostasis → dilatation of ducts with formation of a spermatocele → rupture and release of spermatozoa into the epididymal interstitium → spermatozoa are recognized as foreign antigens by the immune system → recruitment of macrophages to the site of rupture → granuloma formation → leads to infertility due to obstruction → back pressure can lead to testicular atrophy
History: Tissue from a 2 year old intact male llama.
Describe the lesion(s);
The penis has multifocal to coalescing regions involving approximately 1/3rd of the exposed penis where the surface is covered by tan material than cannot be manually removed.The internal surface of the prepuce is thickened by firm, granular, tan to grey material that cannot be easily removed.This change involves approximately 80% of the exposed internal prepuce.
History: Tissue from a 2 year old intact male llama.
Give a morphologic diagnosis:
Penis and prepuce: Chronic, multifocal to locally extensive, balanoposthitis
History: Tissue from a 2 year old intact male llama.
What are some potential causes for this lesion in the llama and other species?
Trauma,
Foreign bodies
Herpesviral infection (several species – pig, dog, bull, stallion)
Bull - Trichomonas, Campylobacter (important venereal diseases)
Ram - Corynebacterium renale (pizzle rot), Poxvirus (Contagious ecthyma)
Stallion –Equine herpes virus type 3 (equine coital exanthema), larvae of Habronema or Draschia spp.
History: Tissue from a 20 year old male Shetland pony gelding
Describe the lesion(s)
Approximately 70% of the surface of the penis and adjacent prepuce are extensively covered by multiple coalescing nodules and plaques of firm tissue. These nodules are typically 2-3 mm in diameter. There are multifocal tan depressions (ulcers) there vary in size from 1-1.5 cm in diameter. When sectioned, these messes have infiltrated into the underlying tissue.
History: Tissue from a 20 year old male Shetland pony gelding
Provide an appropriate morphologic diagnosis:
Penis and prepuce: Chronic, irregular multinodular and ulcerative penile and preputial masses
History: Tissue from a 20 year old male Shetland pony gelding
What is your most likely diagnosis?
Penile squamous cell carcinoma
History: Tissue from a 20 year old male Shetland pony gelding
What is the expected biologic behavior of this lesion?
These neoplasms are locally invasive and may metastasize to the regional lymph nodes.
