Species Specific Neural Diseases Flashcards
What diseases are associated with the canine nervous system?
hydrocephalus, granulomatous meningencephalitis, neosporosis, toxoplasmosis, encephalitozoonosis, canine distemper, rabies, pseudorabies, primary brain neoplasms, ischemic myelopathy
What are the causes for hydrocephalus in canines?
congenital or commonly incidental
What is granulomatous meningoencephalitis characterized as?
marked infiltrate of of LC, PC, and macrophages around vessels and in the neuropil (especially in the white matter)
What is neosporosis in dogs caused by?
Neospora caninum
What does neosporosis cause?
necrotizing purulent to pyogranulomatous to lymphocytic inflammation
What lesions do toxoplasmosis cause?
lesions similar to neosporosis
What is encephalitozoonosis caused by?
encephalitozoon caniculi
Where do organisms in encephalitozoonosis colonize?
in the endothelium
What organs does encephalitozoonosis cause lesions in?
the brain and the kidney
What specific lesion does encephalitozoonosis cause?
lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis
What type of disease is canine distemper?
multisystemic disease
What does canine distemper cause?
lymphocytic encephalitis
In chronic disease, what lesion does canine distemper cause?
demyelination
What lesion does rabies cause in dogs?
lymphocytic encephalitis, neuronal degeneration and necrosis; glial nodules
What is ischemic myelopathy secondary to in dogs?
intervertebral disk disease or IV disk cartilage emboli
What CNS diseases do cats get?
feline infectious peritonitis, cryptococcosis, cerebellar hypoplasia, feline ischemic encephalopathy, meningioma, and purulent otiris media/interna/meningitis
What is feline infectious peritonitis caused by?
FIP coronavirus
What lesions does feline infectious peritonitis cause?
lymphoplasmacytic to pyogranulomatous meningoencephalitis, myelitis, and ventriculitis
What causes cryptococcosis in cats?
C. neoformans
What lesions are associated with cryptococcosis?
cavities in the brain filled with clear gelatenous material (yeasts, capsule, macrophages)
What is cerbellar hypoplasia secondary to?
feline parvovirus infection during cerebellar development
What lesions are associated with cerebellar hypoplasia?
small cerebellum; few, disorganized purkinje neurons
What lesion is feline ischemic encephalopathy caused by?
focal ischemic necrosis of the cerebrum
What is feline ischemic encephalopothy associated with?
aberrant migration of cuterebra sp. Larva
What is purulent otitis media/interna/meningitis caused by?
a bacterial infection
What are some diseases of the equine CNS?
cervical spinal canal stenosis, protozoal myelitis, leukoencephalomalacia, verminous encephalitis, rabies, arboviral encephalomyelitis, equine herpesvirus 1, equine lower motor neuron disease, equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy, and granulomatous polyneuritis
What is verminous encephalitis caused by?
halicephalobus gingivalis infection
What lesion is associated with verminous encephalitis?
granulomatous encephalitis and nephritis
What causes rabies in horses?
rhabdovirus
What lesions are associated with rabies in horses?
lymphocytic encephalomyelitis, neuronal degeneration, glial nodules, negri bodies
What lesion is associated with arboviral encephalomyelitis?
lymphocytic encephalomyelitis
What lesions are associated with equine herpesvirus 1?
vasculitis, hemorrhage, and necrosis
What lesions are associated with the bovine CNS system?
polioencephalomalacia, listeriosis, TEME, fibrinopurulent meningitis, bovine virus diarrhea, rabies, bovine spongiform encephalopathy
What is polioencephalomalacia caused by in cattle?
thiamine deficiency, excessive dietary sulver and pb toxicosis
What lesions does polioencephalomalacia cause in cattle?
laminar cortical necrosis, dorsal cerebral cortex
What is listeriosis in cattle caused by?
listeria monocytogenes
What lesions are associated with listeriosis?
microabscesses in the medulla and the brainstem
What causes TEME?
histophilus somni
What lesions are associated with TEME?
acute ultifocal necrohemorrhagic and purulent vaculitis and meningoencephalitis
What is fibrinopurulent meningitis caused by?
neonatal coliform bacterial infection
What lesions does bovine diarrhea virus cause?
congenital CNS and ocular anomalies, hydranencephaly, hydrocephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, microphthalmia
What lesion does bovine spongiform encephalopathy cause?
neuronal vacuolation at the obex
What are diseases that affect the ovine nervous system?
fibrinopurulent meningitis, listeriosis, scrapie, polioencephalomalacia, amd enterotoxemia
What causes fibrinopurulent meningitis in the ovine?
neonatal bacteria infection by P. multocida and M haemolytica
What breed is susceptible to scrapie?
Suffolk
What lesions are associated with scrapie?
neuronal vacuolation at the obex and PrPsc also accumulates in the retina
What causes enterotoxemia in ovine?
an epsilon toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens type D
What lesion is associated with enterotoxemia?
bilateral symmetrical encephalomalacia caused by damage to vessels in the mesencephalon
What are some diseases of the porcine nervous system?
fibrinopurulent meningitis, edema disease, pseudorabies, and water deprivation/sodium ion toxicosis
What population of swine does fibrinopurulent meningitis occur in?
feeder pigs
What bacteria cause fibrinopurulent meningitis?
Streptococcus suis, Haemophilus parasuis, A. suis
What causes edema disease in pigs?
shiga toxin released by toxigenic E. coli
What lesion does edema disease cause
fibrinoid necrosis in the vessels in the brain
What is pseudorabies in swine caused by?
procine herpesvirus
What lesions does pseudorabies cause?
lymphocytic and necrotizing encephalitis in neonates
When do lesions develop from water deprivationsodium ion toxicosis in swine?
when swine are reintroduced to water
What lesions are associated with water deprivation/sodium ion toxicosis?
eosinophilic meningoencephalitis and laminar cortical necrosis
What does cervical spinal stenosis in equine cause?
axonal degeneration in white matter tracts due to degenerative myelopathy
What is Protozoal myelitis in horses due to?
sarcocystis neurona
What lesions are associated with protozoal myelitis?
necrohemorrhagic and lymphoplasmacytic myelitis
What is leukoencephalomalacia in horses caused by?
moldy corn poisoning - fumonisin B1 a mycotoxin from Fusarim moniliforme fungi
What lesions are associated with leukoencephalomalacia in horses?
massive necrosis of white matter
