Unit 4 - Female Repro 4 Flashcards
What gross changes are associated with Neospora?
mid gestation fetus that is generally autolyzed, has diffuse subcutaneous edema, and abundant serosanguinous fluid in body cavities
What is the pathogenesis of Neospora abortion?
Its a loop: You have a cow that becomes infected by ingesting oocysts from feed contaminated by canid feces, there is a recrudescence of infection at mid gestation. The cow either aborts or produces a congenitally infected calf which will grow up and repeat the process
What are some gross lesions of the fetus associated with Neospora abortions?
subcutaneous edema, serosanguinous fluid in body cavities, and the fetus is mid-gestation (small and hairless)
Where are microscopic lesions from Neospora abortions found?
the brain
What are the preferred diagnostic samples for Neospora abortion diagnosis?
brain, heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, and liver
What microscopic lesions are associated with Neospora abortion?
multiple, random, foci of cerebral necrosis surrounded by reactive glial cells and gitter cells often accompanied by focal areas of gliosis
What are the vast majority of viral abortions in US bovines due to?
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine virus diarrhea
Why doesn’t vaccination against BVD prevent fetal infection/abortion?
because there are many strains and it doesn’t protect against all of them
If a cow is infected near conception, what does BVD cause?
infertility
If a cow is infected between 42-125 days of pregnancy what does BVD cause?
abortion, fetal mummification, or fetal malformations
If a cow is infected between 125-170 days, what does BVD cause?
development of congenital malformations and abortion (less common)
If a cow is infected in the third trimester, what does BVD cause?
no significant fetal disease
What are the common congenital defects associated with BVD?
cerebral defects, ocular defects, intrauterine growth retardation, partial alopecia, and pulmonary hypoplasia
What cerebral defects are caused by BVD?
cerebellar hypoplasia, hydrancephaly, porencephaly, hydrocephalus, and hypomyelinogenesis
What ocular defects are caused by BVD infection?
retinal dysplasia, congenital cataracts, and microphthalmia
What tissues are important to diagnose for BVD?
brain, kidney, lung, spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, or any tissue with lesions
What is the most common cause of porcine abortion?
PRRSV
Do all porcine fetuses become infected at the same time?
no
Are there any gross lesions caused by PRRSV that are helpful in diagnosing abortion?
no - there is perirenal edema, mesocolonic edema, and umbilical cord edema
Why do you want to submit more than one fetus for a PRRSV diagnosis?
because not all of the fetuses will be infected - if you only send in one you may not get the dianosis because it wasnt infected
What does transplacental porcine circovirus infection result in?
fetal mummification, abortion, or the birth of weak pigs
What gross lesions are associated with porcine circovirus infection?
mummified fetuses and lesions in the heart (fluid in body cavities, accentuated lobular pattern in the liver, and cardiac hypertrophy)
What is the target tissue for porcine circovirus and therefore the preferred diagnostic sample?
the heart
What is the typical manifestation of porcine parvovirus?
it is in gilts - increased and irregular returns to service, decreased litter size, and elevated mummy rate
What is the preferred diagnostic sample for porcine parvovirus?
mummified fetuses
If a gilt is infected with PPV 0-30 days in gestation what does it cause?
early embryonic death with resorption
If a gilt is infected with PPV 30-70 days in gestation what does it cause?
in utero death with fetal mummification
If a gilt is infected with PPV greater than 70 days in gestation what does it cause?
fetus mounts an immune response and infection is typically inapparent
When determining the cause of small ruminant abortion what should you submit?
the placenta
What classic gross lesion is associated with Campylobacter abortion?
circular foci of hepatic necrosis
What is Q-fever caused by?
Coxiella burnetii
Abortions caused by Q-fever are more common in what species?
goats
Where is Coxiella burnetii commonly found in?
placenta, colostrum, urine, uterine discharge, and milk
What clinical signs are associated with Q-fever?
late gestation abortion, stillborn/weakborn kids, and minimal signs in the aborting doe
What gross lesions are associated with Q-fever?
thick, gray-brown exudate on the placenta, thickened intercotyledonary placenta, multifocal cotyledonary necrosis and mineralization
What is the preferred tissue for diagnosis of Q-fever?
the placenta
What is the source of Toxoplasma abortion in small ruminants?
cats
How do small ruminants get toxoplasma?
ingestion of bedding, hay, grain contaminated by oocysts
What gross lesions are associated with toxoplasma abortion?
multifocal necrosis and mineralizationof cotyledonary villi
What are the preferred diagnostic samples for toxoplasma abortion?
placenta, brian, fetal thoracic fluid
What serves as the intitial source of infection for Chlamydial abortions?
ewes infected in the previous lambing season
What is the source of chlamydial infection during the abortion storm?
the fetus, fetal membranes, and uterine discharge
What are the gross lesions associated with chlamydial abortions?
multifocal cotyledonary necrosis and thickened intercotyledonary placenta
What are the preferred diagnostic samples for chlamydial abortions?
placenta, fetal thoracic fluid, and uterine discharge
What is a hippomane?
a soft putty-like aggregate of urinary calculus and cellular debris whiich form throughout pregnancy - its normal
Where is the cervical star located?
where the placenta abuts the cervix
In the case of equine placentitis, where will placentitis be the worst?
surrounding the cervical star
When is umbilical cord torsion a significant finding in horses?
when there are functional consequences such as edema, hemorrhage, and thrombosis - five or six turns are normal
What is the most common contagious bacterial cause of abortion in the bitch?
Brucella canis
What does Brucella canis cause?
early embryonic death and resportion, spontaneous abortions between 49 and 59 days after breeding, stillborn puppies, and neonatal mortality
What gross lesions are associated with Brucella canis?
placentitis
What are the preferred diagnostic specimens for Brucella canis?
serum from dam, placenta, aborted fetus, and vaginal discharge
How can panleukopenia affect the fetus?
it may spread transplacentally and cause embryonic resorption, fetal mummification, abortion, or stillbirth
What does in utero infection of panleukopenia lead to?
cerbellar hypoplasia
