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Anatomic Pathology 2 > Species Specific Muscle and Tendon Lesions > Flashcards

Species Specific Muscle and Tendon Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

What muscle diseases do dogs get?

A

eosinophilic myositis, neosporosis, and Myasthenia gravis

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2
Q

What does eosinophilic myositis effect?

A

the muscles of mastication

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3
Q

What can eosinophilic myositis progress to?

A

atrophic myositis

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4
Q

What is eosinophilic myositis?

A

an autoimmune disease targeting type 2M myocytes

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5
Q

What causes neosporosis?

A

Neospora caninum

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6
Q

What is neosporosis acquired by?

A

ingesting infected tissue (aborted calves)

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7
Q

What does neosporosis cause?

A

necropurulent myositis

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8
Q

What is Myasthenia gravis?

A

muscle weakness

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9
Q

What causes myasthania gravis?

A

a decrease of ACH receptors at the myoneural junction (can be either inherited or acquired)

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10
Q

What specific gross/microscopic lesions can myasthenia gravis cause?

A

no specific gross/microscopic lesions +/- megaesophagous

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11
Q

What skeletal muscle diseases do equine get?

A

exertional myopathy, equine polysaccharide storage myopathy, hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, nutritional myopathy, ionophore toxicosis, lower motor neuron disease, clostridial myositis

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12
Q

What is another name for exertional myopathy?

A

equine rhabdomyolysis

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13
Q

What is equine rhabdomyolysis associated with?

A

high grain ration followed by muscle use in draft horses

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14
Q

What forms of exertional myopathy are there?

A

sporadic or recurrent

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15
Q

What is equine rhabdomyolysis considered to be due to?

A

underlying metabolic abnormaity

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16
Q

What does exertional myopathy cause?

A

acute myodegeneration which leads to myoglobinuria and increased creatine phosphokinase

17
Q

What is equine polysaccharide storage myopathy?

A

the accumulation of polysacchawride aggregates in type 2 myocytes

18
Q

What can repeated bouts of myodegeneration due to equine polysaccharide storage myopathy result in?

A

muscle atrophy

19
Q

What causes hyperkalemic periodic paralysis?

A

an autosomal dominant trait in quarter horses that is acquired from ‘impressive’

20
Q

What is the ‘pathogenesis’ of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis?

A

defective Na channel regulation in myocytes which leads to polarization abnormalities and eventually causes myotonia with or without hyperkalemia

21
Q

What is nutritional myopathy in horses?

A

it is vitamin E/Se deficiency in foals

22
Q

What clinical signs/lesions does nutritional myopathy cause in horses?

A

swollen, pale muscles with polyphasic myodegeneration

23
Q

What ionophore primarily causes ionophore toxicosis?

A

monensin

24
Q

What does ionophore toxicosis cause?

A

acute myodegeneration and necrosis

25
Q

What is lower motor neuron disease in horses?

A

lower motor neuron loss which leads to denervation of atrophy of muscles

26
Q

What can lower motor neuron disease be due to?

A

vitamin E/Se deficiency

27
Q

What causes clostridial myositis?

A

wound infection with clostridia sp.

28
Q

What does clostridial myositis cause?

A

serohemorrhagic exudate, necrosis, muscle emphysema, and malignant edema

29
Q

What skeletal muscle diseases do pigs get?

A

nutritional myopathy and malignant hyperthermia

30
Q

What causes nutritional myopathy in pigs?

A

vitamin E/Se deficiency

31
Q

What does nutritional myopathy in pigs cause?

A

lesions in skeletal muscle and or the myocardium

32
Q

What is malignant hyperthermia in pigs?

A

an inherited defect in the Ca channel regulation between T-tubule and SR which leads to Ca release into the sarcoplasm and myofiber contraction

33
Q

What does malignant hyperthermia in pigs cause?

A

acute myodegeneration

34
Q

What skeletal muscle diseases do ruminants get?

A

nutritional myopathy and clostridial myositis

35
Q

What causes nutritional myopathy in ruminants?

A

vitamin E/Se deficiency

36
Q

What does does nutritional myopathy in ruminants cause and in which specific populations?

A

lesions in skeletal muscle in calves and lambs

37
Q

What causes clostridial myositis (black leg) in ruminants?

A

Clostridia chauvoei

38
Q

What does clostridial myositis in cows cause?

A

acute necrohemorrhagic myositis with muscle emphysema

39
Q

What is the pathogenesis of clostridial myositis in ruminants?

A

bruising to anaerobic focus to germination of spores to tissue destruction due to bacterial toxins

Anatomic Pathology 2 (48 decks)

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