Unit 3 - GI Lecture 6 Flashcards
What impact do intestinal nematodes have on the host?
- diarrhea
- ingest blood
- competition for nutrients
- damage host tissues during larval migration
- intestinal obstruction
What does infection with whipworms cause?
mucohemorrhagic typhlocolitis resulting in large bowel diarrhea
What clinical signs can hookworms cause?
anemia and hypoproteinemia
What clinical issues do ascarids cause?
decreased weight gain, rarely cause diarrhea, can cause tissue damage during larval migration
What lesion does Strongylus vulgaris cause?
arteritis causing thromboembolism causing focal infarction causing colic
True or False: Intestinal tumors are common.
FALSE
Are the majority of intestinal neoplasias benign or malignant?
malignant
In the dog, what is the origin of the majority intestinal neoplasias?
epithelial origin
In the cat, what type are the majority of intestinal neoplasias?
round cell tumors - lymphoma and mast cell tumors
What clinical signs are associated with intestinal neoplasias?
weight loss, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, anemia and melena, ascities, and intestinal obstruction
What is the biologic behavior of intestinal adenocarcinomas in dogs?
they are locally invasive and 43.5% of them metastasize
What is the prognosis for large cell lymphoblastic lymphomas in cats?
poor - they metastasize to the lymph nodes, spleen, and liver
What is the prognosis for small cell lymphocytic lymphoma in cats?
good
What is the prognosis for mast cell tumors in cats?
reduced survival due to lymph node metastasis
What may intestinal displacements result in?
venous infarction or obstruction
What are some examples of intestinal displacements?
intussusception, volvulus, torsion, and hernia
What is intussusception?
the telescoping of one segment of bowl into another
What may be the cause of intussusception?
enteritis, parasites, intestinal surgery, linear foreign bodies
What are some sequelae to intussusception?
compression of mesenteric veins causes venous infarctions and adhesions
What part of the intestines does intussusception usually involve?
small intestine, especially at the ileocecal or ileocolic junction
What does intussusception feel like on palpation?
a sausage
What is an intestinal volvulus?
the twisting of a loop of bowel on its mesenteric attachment
What does intestinal volvulus result in?
venous infarction and rapid death
What is intestinal torsion?
the twisting of intestine about its long axis
What is the most common bowel displacements in the horse?
torsion of the great colon at its base
What is the prognosis of a torsion of less than 270 degrees?
it is good
What is the prognosis of a torsion of greater than or equal to 360 degrees in rotation?
poor: venous infarction and rapid death
What are pedunculating lipomas and what species are they common in?
they are lipomas that cause intestinal strangulation; equine
What is hernia/herniation?
displacement of a structure through a normal or pathologic formation
What is an internal hernia?
displacement of the intestine through a normal or pathological foramina within the abdominal cavity
What is an external hernia?
the peritoneum and abdominal contents herniate through an opening in the abdominal wall
What are the consequences of hernias?
incarceration (contents are not reducable and may result in obstruction) or strangulation (vascular supply is compromised)
What fluids are commonly identified in the peritoneal cavity?
blood, transudate (ascites), exudate, and urine
What is uroperitoneum typically due to?
a ruptured bladder
What can cause a hemoperitoneum?
trauma, tumors, ruptured aneurism, or clotting issues
What specific traumatic injuries can cause hemoperitoneum?
fracture of the spleen or liver or rupture of a uterine artery during palpation
In dogs, ____ of hemoabdomen cases are due to malignant neoplasms.
80% - 88% of these due to hemangiosarcomas
What are the causes of ascites?
lymphatic obstruction, increased hydrostatic pressure, decreased oncotic pressure
What causes increased hydrostatic pressure?
right heart failure and portal hypertension
What causes decreased hydrostatic pressure?
hypoproteinemia
What features are associated with peritonitis?
cloudy abdominal fluid, hyperemia of serosal surfaces, fibrin on serosal surface
What are the causes of peritonitis (7)?
- Gastrointestinal perforation/leakage with release of bacteria laden ingesta
- Extension from castration wounds
- External wound with penetration of peritoneal cavity
- Sequela to navel ill
- Following bacteremia
- Following systemic viral infection
- Chemical
What is feline infectious peritonitis caused by?
feline coronavirus
What are the two pathotypes of FCoV?
feline enteric coronavirus and FIPV
What does feline enteric coronavirus primarily target?
intestinal epithelial cells and causes mild enteritis
What does FIPV do?
it replicates to higher numbers in monocytes/macrophages allowing for systemic dissemination
What age is typically affected by FIP?
6 months to 2 years
What clinical signs are associated with the wet form of FIP?
anorexia, fever, weight loss, respiratory distress, abdominal distension
What lesions are associated with the wet form of FIP?
fluid in body cavities, granular lesions on the intestinal serosa and mesentery
What clinical signs are associated with the dry form of FIP?
weight loss, depression, anemia, fever, jaundice, PU/PD, ocular and/or neurologic signs
What lesions are associated with the dry form of FIP?
pyogranulomas in the liver, kidney, peritoneum, intestinal serosa, pancreas and inflammatory lesions in the eye and brain
Are primary peritoneal neoplasms or peritoneal metastases more common?
peritoneal metastases
