Unit 3 - GI Lecture 6

Question 1

What impact do intestinal nematodes have on the host?

Answer 1

1. diarrhea
2. ingest blood
3. competition for nutrients
4. damage host tissues during larval migration
5. intestinal obstruction

Question 2

What does infection with whipworms cause?

Answer 2

mucohemorrhagic typhlocolitis resulting in large bowel diarrhea

Question 3

What clinical signs can hookworms cause?

Answer 3

anemia and hypoproteinemia

Question 4

What clinical issues do ascarids cause?

Answer 4

decreased weight gain, rarely cause diarrhea, can cause tissue damage during larval migration

Question 5

What lesion does Strongylus vulgaris cause?

Answer 5

arteritis causing thromboembolism causing focal infarction causing colic

Question 6

True or False: Intestinal tumors are common.

Answer 6

FALSE

Question 7

Are the majority of intestinal neoplasias benign or malignant?

Answer 7

malignant

Question 8

In the dog, what is the origin of the majority intestinal neoplasias?

Answer 8

epithelial origin

Question 9

In the cat, what type are the majority of intestinal neoplasias?

Answer 9

round cell tumors - lymphoma and mast cell tumors

Question 10

What clinical signs are associated with intestinal neoplasias?

Answer 10

weight loss, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, anemia and melena, ascities, and intestinal obstruction

Question 11

What is the biologic behavior of intestinal adenocarcinomas in dogs?

Answer 11

they are locally invasive and 43.5% of them metastasize

Question 12

What is the prognosis for large cell lymphoblastic lymphomas in cats?

Answer 12

poor - they metastasize to the lymph nodes, spleen, and liver

Question 13

What is the prognosis for small cell lymphocytic lymphoma in cats?

Answer 13

good

Question 14

What is the prognosis for mast cell tumors in cats?

Answer 14

reduced survival due to lymph node metastasis

Question 15

What may intestinal displacements result in?

Answer 15

venous infarction or obstruction

Question 16

What are some examples of intestinal displacements?

Answer 16

intussusception, volvulus, torsion, and hernia

Question 17

What is intussusception?

Answer 17

the telescoping of one segment of bowl into another

Question 18

What may be the cause of intussusception?

Answer 18

enteritis, parasites, intestinal surgery, linear foreign bodies

Question 19

What are some sequelae to intussusception?

Answer 19

compression of mesenteric veins causes venous infarctions and adhesions

Question 20

What part of the intestines does intussusception usually involve?

Answer 20

small intestine, especially at the ileocecal or ileocolic junction

Question 21

What does intussusception feel like on palpation?

Answer 21

a sausage

Question 22

What is an intestinal volvulus?

Answer 22

the twisting of a loop of bowel on its mesenteric attachment

Question 23

What does intestinal volvulus result in?

Answer 23

venous infarction and rapid death

Question 24

What is intestinal torsion?

Answer 24

the twisting of intestine about its long axis

Question 25

What is the most common bowel displacements in the horse?

Answer 25

torsion of the great colon at its base

Question 26

What is the prognosis of a torsion of less than 270 degrees?

Answer 26

it is good

Question 27

What is the prognosis of a torsion of greater than or equal to 360 degrees in rotation?

Answer 27

poor: venous infarction and rapid death

Question 28

What are pedunculating lipomas and what species are they common in?

Answer 28

they are lipomas that cause intestinal strangulation; equine

Question 29

What is hernia/herniation?

Answer 29

displacement of a structure through a normal or pathologic formation

Question 30

What is an internal hernia?

Answer 30

displacement of the intestine through a normal or pathological foramina within the abdominal cavity

Question 31

What is an external hernia?

Answer 31

the peritoneum and abdominal contents herniate through an opening in the abdominal wall

Question 32

What are the consequences of hernias?

Answer 32

incarceration (contents are not reducable and may result in obstruction) or strangulation (vascular supply is compromised)

Question 33

What fluids are commonly identified in the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 33

blood, transudate (ascites), exudate, and urine

Question 34

What is uroperitoneum typically due to?

Answer 34

a ruptured bladder

Question 35

What can cause a hemoperitoneum?

Answer 35

trauma, tumors, ruptured aneurism, or clotting issues

Question 36

What specific traumatic injuries can cause hemoperitoneum?

Answer 36

fracture of the spleen or liver or rupture of a uterine artery during palpation

Question 37

In dogs, ____ of hemoabdomen cases are due to malignant neoplasms.

Answer 37

80% - 88% of these due to hemangiosarcomas

Question 38

What are the causes of ascites?

Answer 38

lymphatic obstruction, increased hydrostatic pressure, decreased oncotic pressure

Question 39

What causes increased hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 39

right heart failure and portal hypertension

Question 40

What causes decreased hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 40

hypoproteinemia

Question 41

What features are associated with peritonitis?

Answer 41

cloudy abdominal fluid, hyperemia of serosal surfaces, fibrin on serosal surface

Question 42

What are the causes of peritonitis (7)?

Answer 42

1. Gastrointestinal perforation/leakage with release of bacteria laden ingesta 2. Extension from castration wounds 3. External wound with penetration of peritoneal cavity 4. Sequela to navel ill 5. Following bacteremia 6. Following systemic viral infection 7. Chemical

Question 43

What is feline infectious peritonitis caused by?

Answer 43

feline coronavirus

Question 44

What are the two pathotypes of FCoV?

Answer 44

feline enteric coronavirus and FIPV

Question 45

What does feline enteric coronavirus primarily target?

Answer 45

intestinal epithelial cells and causes mild enteritis

Question 46

What does FIPV do?

Answer 46

it replicates to higher numbers in monocytes/macrophages allowing for systemic dissemination

Question 47

What age is typically affected by FIP?

Answer 47

6 months to 2 years

Question 48

What clinical signs are associated with the wet form of FIP?

Answer 48

anorexia, fever, weight loss, respiratory distress, abdominal distension

Question 49

What lesions are associated with the wet form of FIP?

Answer 49

fluid in body cavities, granular lesions on the intestinal serosa and mesentery

Question 50

What clinical signs are associated with the dry form of FIP?

Answer 50

weight loss, depression, anemia, fever, jaundice, PU/PD, ocular and/or neurologic signs

Question 51

What lesions are associated with the dry form of FIP?

Answer 51

pyogranulomas in the liver, kidney, peritoneum, intestinal serosa, pancreas and inflammatory lesions in the eye and brain

Question 52

Are primary peritoneal neoplasms or peritoneal metastases more common?

Answer 52

peritoneal metastases