UNIT 4 - Ch. 31 Sleep and Rest

Question 1

Explain the 4 sleep cylces

Answer 1

NREM (non-REM)
1- falling asleep / lightest sleep
2- heart rate slows, body temp drops
3- deep sleep, muscles and tissues repair

REM.
4- REM sleep , body is paralyzed, dreams occur

Question 2

What does R.E.M stand for, and what is it

Answer 2

Rapid Eye movement

• the deepest sleep in the 4 cycles

Question 3

What are the 2 categories of sleep

Answer 3

NREM- non-rem
REM- rem (rapid eye movement during the deepest sleep)

Question 4

Define sleep

Answer 4

Sleep is a naturally occurring altered state of consciousness

Question 5

What regulates sleep in the body

Answer 5

the Hypothalamus located in the brain (in the CNS)

Question 6

What does sleep do for the body

Answer 6

Helps the body relax, recover and repair tissues and muscles. (+ sickness)

Question 7

Define sleep apnea

-what is the most common form of sleep apnea

Answer 7

absence of breathing during sleep.

OSA- Obstructive sleep apnea
the blockage of the throat or airways during sleep.

Question 8

Risk factors for OSA (obstructive sleep apnea)

Answer 8

• obesity (large neck circumference)
• smoking
• alcohol use
• family history
• Nasal polyps (growths inside the nose or sinuses that don’t cause pain)

Question 9

What are some complications for someone with sleep apnea

Answer 9

• cardiac arrhythmias
• pulmonary hypertension
• left-sided HF

Question 10

Define insomnia
- is this common or rare?

Answer 10

Difficulty falling or staying asleep.
(the most common sleep disorder)

Question 11

Define Narcolepsy

Answer 11

chronic neurological disorder resulting in uncontrollable desire to sleep.

Question 12

Define Hypersomnia

Answer 12

excessive daytime sleeping

-These pts usually are not getting quality sleep at night
-Often a sign of depression

Question 13

What does SIDS stand for

Answer 13

Sudden Infant Death syndrome

Question 14

Define sleep deprivation

Answer 14

a prolonged, inadequate quality/ quantity of sleep

Question 15

Define Restless leg syndrome

Answer 15

disagreeable leg movements resulting from intense lower extremity sensations of crawling feeling or tingling in toes

Question 16

Define parasomnia

Answer 16

abnormal sleep behaviors rather than a specific disorder of sleep.
-sleep walking

Question 17

Define Nocturnal Enuresis

Answer 17

bedwetting at night

Question 18

what are sleep terrors

Answer 18

parasomnia in which a person quickly awakes in a terrified state.

Question 19

What are some assessment questions you should ask a patient regarding their sleep schedule.

Answer 19

How have you been sleeping
what time do you usually go to bed
Do you take naps during the day
Do you wake up at night at all…. etc.

Question 20

What are some non-pharmacological treatments for sleep apnea

Answer 20

• loose weight (surgical procedures if needed - LAST OPTION)
• decrease alcohol or tobacco products
• lifestyle changes promoting good sleeping habits
• proper positions for sleep and body alignment

Question 21

what are some pharmacological treatments for sleep apnea

Answer 21

• oxygen therapy
• medications promoting sleep

Question 22

What is a intervention parents and nurses can implement to prevent the risk of SIDS in babies

Answer 22

ABCs!!
- alone, on their back in a crib

NO CO SLEEPING, baby can suffocate

Question 23

List some nursing interventions in a hospital setting to help promote sleep for patients

Answer 23

• decrease noise and light by closing the blinds or advocating for your patients if other nurses are being too loud.
• move equipment quietly
• conduct shift reports away from client room or quietly
• provide privacy

Question 24

What are some education tips for patients at home to promote sleep (interventions)

Answer 24

• do not nap during the day
• replace mattress if needed (comfort)
• decrease fluid intake and food intake 2-4 hours before sleep
• limit tv or screen time before bed
• may be helpful for pt to start a sleep diary or have a watch that tracks.

Question 25

What do anti-anxiety meds do (what is a risk for taking these medications)

Answer 25

reduce anxiety and tension, a risk would be that they can cause dependence or physiological changes.

Question 26

What do antihistamine medications do ACTION SIDE EFFECTS WHY IS IT USED FOR SLEEP WHAT ARE THEY ALSO USED FOR compound question, 4 parts ... (sorry but memorize this its helpful to understand full knowledge)

Answer 26

ACTION - blocks the receptors of a allergen reaction. (drying up secretions) SIDE EFFECTS - dry mouth, - drowsiness - constipation. USED FOR SLEEP - a short-term treatment for insomnia. - Used for sleep because of its side effect of drowsiness. ALSO USED FOR ALLERGIES - antihistamines are mostly used for allergies - example, Benadryl - this is considered an off the label use of this drug)

Question 27

What do tricycllc antidepressant medications do?

Answer 27

inhibiting serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake within the presynaptic terminals, can contribute to the antidepressant effect.

Question 28

What do sedative - hypnotic medications do to the body?

Answer 28

affect your central nervous system – your brain and spinal cord – and have a relaxing, calming effect. unnaturally induced sleep

Question 29

Define dyssomnia

Answer 29

Sleep disorder characterized by insomnia or excessive sleepiness. They include insomnia, sleep-wake schedule (circadian) disorders, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, hypersomnia, and narcolepsy.

Question 30

Describe benzodiazepine medications

Answer 30

Benzodiazepines is the class of sedative-hypnotics is the first-line treatment for insomnia. Benzodiazepines have the following characteristics:    They may be long-acting or short-acting.

Question 31

What are the kinds of sleep apnea, explain each (there are 2 ;) )

Answer 31

- obstructive sleep apnea (CNS) - your muscle relax and then block the airway (obesity pt's with bigger next circumference) - central sleep apnea (brain) - your sensory receptors in the brain do not tell your body you need to breathe.

Question 32

What are some factors that affect sleep

Answer 32

- environment - age - medications - illness

Question 33

What is another word for sleep promoting interventions

Answer 33

Sleep hygiene

Question 34

What are some non-pharmacological nursing interventions a nurse can do to help promote sleep in patient care ( in a hospital setting)

Answer 34

- providing comfort - healthy foods that promote sleep - relaxations (maybe massage) - warmth (temp control) - reducing stimuli (noises and lights)

Question 35

What enzyme do meat, cheese and milk all share that promotes sleep? What does this enzyme do?

Answer 35

tryptophan - helps to make melatonin and serotonin. Promoting sleep and relaxation in the body.

Question 36

What does melatonin do for the body

Answer 36

Melatonin helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle

Question 37

What does Serotonin do for the body

Answer 37

serotonin is thought to help regulate appetite, sleep, mood, and pain.

Question 38

What is a CPAP machine

Answer 38

A CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) machine helps treat sleep apnea. It delivers continuous air through your mouth and/or nose to keep your airways open during sleep.

Question 39

What are the Signs and Symptoms of sleep apnea

Answer 39

- Loud snoring! - dry throat - waking up gasping or choking for air - sleep deprivation (no REM sleep) - morning headaches - excessive daytime sleeping

Question 40

What can cause sleep apnea

Answer 40

- trauma to head, neck, lungs or brain - cognitively impaired or mental disability