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Nursing Term 1 ALY JENNA > UNIT 4: Ch. 31 Sleep and rest > Flashcards

UNIT 4: Ch. 31 Sleep and rest Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain the 4 sleep cylces

A

NREM (non-REM)
1- falling asleep / lightest sleep
2- heart rate slows, body temp drops
3- deep sleep, muscles and tissues repair

REM.
4- REM sleep , body is paralyzed, dreams occur

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2
Q

What does R.E.M stand for, and what is it

A

Rapid Eye movement

  • the deepest sleep in the 4 cycles
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3
Q

What are the 2 categories of sleep

A

NREM- non-rem
REM- rem (rapid eye movement during the deepest sleep)

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4
Q

Define sleep

A

Sleep is a naturally occurring altered state of consciousness

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5
Q

What regulates sleep in the body

A

the Hypothalamus located in the brain (in the CNS)

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6
Q

What does sleep do for the body

A

Helps the body relax, recover and repair tissues and muscles. (+ sickness)

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7
Q

Define sleep apnea

-what is the most common form of sleep apnea

A

absence of breathing during sleep.

OSA- Obstructive sleep apnea
the blockage of the throat or airways during sleep.

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8
Q

Risk factors for OSA (obstructive sleep apnea)

A
  • obesity (large neck circumference)
  • smoking
  • alcohol use
  • family history
  • Nasal polyps (growths inside the nose or sinuses that don’t cause pain)
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9
Q

What are some complications for someone with sleep apnea

A
  • cardiac arrhythmias
  • pulmonary hypertension
  • left-sided HF
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10
Q

Define insomnia
- is this common or rare?

A

Difficulty falling or staying asleep.
(the most common sleep disorder)

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11
Q

Define Narcolepsy

A

chronic neurological disorder resulting in uncontrollable desire to sleep.

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12
Q

Define Hypersomnia

A

excessive daytime sleeping

-These pts usually are not getting quality sleep at night
-Often a sign of depression

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13
Q

What does SIDS stand for

A

Sudden Infant Death syndrome

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14
Q

Define sleep deprivation

A

a prolonged, inadequate quality/ quantity of sleep

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15
Q

Define Restless leg syndrome

A

disagreeable leg movements resulting from intense lower extremity sensations of crawling feeling or tingling in toes

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16
Q

Define parasomnia

A

abnormal sleep behaviors rather than a specific disorder of sleep.
-sleep walking

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17
Q

Define Nocturnal Enuresis

A

bedwetting at night

18
Q

what are sleep terrors

A

parasomnia in which a person quickly awakes in a terrified state.

19
Q

What are some assessment questions you should ask a patient regarding their sleep schedule.

A

How have you been sleeping
what time do you usually go to bed
Do you take naps during the day
Do you wake up at night at all…. etc.

20
Q

What are some non-pharmacological treatments for sleep apnea

A
  • loose weight (surgical procedures if needed - LAST OPTION)
  • decrease alcohol or tobacco products
  • lifestyle changes promoting good sleeping habits
  • proper positions for sleep and body alignment
21
Q

what are some pharmacological treatments for sleep apnea

A
  • oxygen therapy
  • medications promoting sleep
22
Q

What is a intervention parents and nurses can implement to prevent the risk of SIDS in babies

A

ABCs!!
- alone, on their back in a crib

NO CO SLEEPING, baby can suffocate

23
Q

List some nursing interventions in a hospital setting to help promote sleep for patients

A
  • decrease noise and light by closing the blinds or advocating for your patients if other nurses are being too loud.
  • move equipment quietly
  • conduct shift reports away from client room or quietly
  • provide privacy
24
Q

What are some education tips for patients at home to promote sleep (interventions)

A
  • do not nap during the day
  • replace mattress if needed (comfort)
  • decrease fluid intake and food intake 2-4 hours before sleep
  • limit tv or screen time before bed
  • may be helpful for pt to start a sleep diary or have a watch that tracks.
25
Q

What do anti-anxiety meds do (what is a risk for taking these medications)

A

reduce anxiety and tension, a risk would be that they can cause dependence or physiological changes.

26
Q

What do antihistamine medications do
ACTION
SIDE EFFECTS
WHY IS IT USED FOR SLEEP
WHAT ARE THEY ALSO USED FOR

compound question, 4 parts … (sorry but memorize this its helpful to understand full knowledge)

A

ACTION
- blocks the receptors of a allergen reaction. (drying up secretions)

SIDE EFFECTS
- dry mouth,
- drowsiness
- constipation.

USED FOR SLEEP
- a short-term treatment for insomnia.
- Used for sleep because of its side effect of drowsiness.

ALSO USED FOR ALLERGIES
- antihistamines are mostly used for allergies
- example, Benadryl - this is considered an off the label use of this drug)

27
Q

What do tricycllc antidepressant medications do?

A

inhibiting serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake within the presynaptic terminals, can contribute to the antidepressant effect.

28
Q

What do sedative - hypnotic medications do to the body?

A

affect your central nervous system – your brain and spinal cord – and have a relaxing, calming effect.
unnaturally induced sleep

29
Q

Define dyssomnia

A

Sleep disorder characterized by insomnia or excessive sleepiness. They include insomnia, sleep-wake schedule (circadian) disorders, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, hypersomnia, and narcolepsy.

30
Q

Describe benzodiazepine medications

A

Benzodiazepines is the class of sedative-hypnotics is the first-line treatment for insomnia. Benzodiazepines have the following characteristics:

They may be long-acting or short-acting.

31
Q

What are the kinds of sleep apnea, explain each (there are 2 ;) )

A
  • obstructive sleep apnea (CNS) - your muscle relax and then block the airway (obesity pt’s with bigger next circumference)
  • central sleep apnea (brain) - your sensory receptors in the brain do not tell your body you need to breathe.
32
Q

What are some factors that affect sleep

A
  • environment
  • age
  • medications
  • illness
33
Q

What is another word for sleep promoting interventions

A

Sleep hygiene

34
Q

What are some non-pharmacological nursing interventions a nurse can do to help promote sleep in patient care ( in a hospital setting)

A
  • providing comfort
  • healthy foods that promote sleep
  • relaxations (maybe massage)
  • warmth (temp control)
  • reducing stimuli (noises and lights)
35
Q

What enzyme do meat, cheese and milk all share that promotes sleep?

What does this enzyme do?

A

tryptophan - helps to make melatonin and serotonin.
Promoting sleep and relaxation in the body.

36
Q

What does melatonin do for the body

A

Melatonin helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle

37
Q

What does Serotonin do for the body

A

serotonin is thought to help regulate appetite, sleep, mood, and pain.

38
Q

What is a CPAP machine

A

A CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) machine helps treat sleep apnea. It delivers continuous air through your mouth and/or nose to keep your airways open during sleep.

39
Q

What are the Signs and Symptoms of sleep apnea

A
  • Loud snoring!
  • dry throat
  • waking up gasping or choking for air
  • sleep deprivation (no REM sleep)
  • morning headaches
  • excessive daytime sleeping
40
Q

What can cause sleep apnea

A
  • trauma to head, neck, lungs or brain
  • cognitively impaired or mental disability

Nursing Term 1 ALY JENNA (19 decks)

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