UNIT 4 - Ch. 18 Hypertension

Question 1

Define cardiac output

Answer 1

Amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute

Question 2

What is arterial compliance?

Answer 2

Flexibility of the arterial wall

Question 3

What is Arterial size?

Answer 3

Diameter of the vessel

Question 4

Define blood volume

Answer 4

The volume of blood in the circulatory system

Question 5

Define the autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

the ANS (sympathetic) manages mechanisms to maintain short term regulation of blood pressure

note to remember:
the ANS is divided into two parts Sympathetic and Parasympathetic. The sympathetic is our flight or fight response in times of action.. the parasympathetic is our relaxation button, (rest and digest)

Question 6

Define Renin-angiotensis-aldosterone system

Answer 6

controls vasoconstriction and circulatory fluid volume

Question 7

What is a antidiuretic hormone (ADH) for?

Answer 7

It is released in response to low BP and water is retained in order to increase BP

Question 8

In the regulation of BP, by what method does the nervous mechanism in the brain work?

Answer 8

By vasomotor center and impulses from periphery

The vasomotor center is a portion of the medulla oblongata in the brain. Together with the cardiovascular center and respiratory center, it regulates blood pressure

Question 9

In the regulation of BP, by what method does the renal mechanism work?

Answer 9

By regulation of ECF volume and renin-angiotensin mechanism

Question 10

In the regulation of BP, by what method does the hormonal mechanism work?

Answer 10

By vasoconstrictor and vasodilator hormones

Question 11

In the regulation of BP, by what method does the local mechanism work?

Answer 11

By local vasoconstrictors and vasodilators

Question 12

Define hypertension

Answer 12

The persistent elevation of systolic and diastolic BP above 120/80 based on the average of 2 consistent high readings

Question 13

Describe the “white coat” phenomenon

Answer 13

Patient show a high BP in a clinical setting when their BP is actually normal at home

Question 14

Describe the DASH diet

Answer 14

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension

healthy diet focusing on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean meats and low-fat dairy. Limit sugar

Question 15

What does “CAKE” stand for in memorizing the complications of hypertension?

Answer 15

C - Complications
A - brAin… stroke or aneurism
K - Kidneys… high BP can damage kidneys
E - Eyes… high BP can damage eyes

Question 16

What are the 3 most common hypertension symptoms?

Answer 16

1. headache
2. chest pain
3. blurry vision

Question 17

In RISK FACTORS, what does this letter stand for? “R”

Answer 17

Race: black males are at a higher risk for hypertension

Question 18

In RISK FACTORS, what does this letter stand for? “I”

Answer 18

Increased consumption of salt and alcohol

Question 19

In RISK FACTORS, what does this letter stand for? “S”

Answer 19

Smoking or stress

Question 20

In RISK FACTORS, what does this letter stand for? “K”

Answer 20

(K+)
Potassium level and vitamin D are LOW

Question 21

In RISK FACTORS, what does this letter stand for? “F”

Answer 21

Family health

Question 22

In RISK FACTORS, what does this letter stand for? “A”

Answer 22

Advanced age

Question 23

In RISK FACTORS, what does this letter stand for? “C”

Answer 23

Cholesterol is high

Question 24

In RISK FACTORS, what does this letter stand for? “T”

Answer 24

Too much caffeine intake

…hehe

Question 25

In RISK FACTORS, what does this letter stand for? “O”

Answer 25

Obesity

Question 26

In RISK FACTORS, what does this letter stand for? “R”

THE SECOND R

Answer 26

Restricting Activity

Question 27

In RISK FACTORS, what does the final letter stand for? “S”

Answer 27

Sleep apnea

Question 28

What range of change in BP is considered significant?

Answer 28

raising or lowering of 20-30 mmHg

Question 29

What does ADH regulate?

Answer 29

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

The absorption or excretion of water in the kidneys

Question 30

What is thermoregulation?

Answer 30

the process of maintaining a stable internal body temperature

Question 31

What is radiation?

Answer 31

Radiation is the loss of heat through electromagnetic waves emitting from surfaces that are warmer than the surrounding air

Question 32

What is convection?

Answer 32

the transfer of heat through currents of air or water

Question 33

Define cardiac output?

Answer 33

cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, and that it reflects the functioning of the heart

Question 34

Define peripheral resistance

Answer 34

Friction of blood moving throughout arterial walls

Peripheral resistance refers to arterial and capillary resistance to blood flow as a result of friction between blood and the vessel walls. Increased peripheral resistance creates a temporary increase in BP

Question 35

What is the suffix for Ace inhibitors

Answer 35

Pril

Question 36

What is the suffix for ARBs

Answer 36

Sartan

Question 37

What is the suffix for beta- blockers

Answer 37

olol or lol

Question 38

What is the suffix for calcium channel blockers (what are two exceptions or “outliers”)

Answer 38

pine + some outliers (verapamil and ditiziazem)

Question 39

What is the suffix for Diuretics

Answer 39

iazide