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Nursing Term 1 ALY JENNA > UNIT 3- Ch.29 - Pain > Flashcards

UNIT 3- Ch.29 - Pain Flashcards

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1
Q

Define nociceptive pain. Give examples

A

Pain felt in a tissue, organ, or damaged part of the body, or referred pain

-Back Pain
-Broke Rib

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2
Q

Define neuropathic pain. Give examples

A

Nerve pain without tissue damage

-Sciatic pain
-Below the knee amputation

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3
Q

Define Cutaneous superficial pain

A

pain caused by injury to the skin or superficial tissues, (like scrapes)

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4
Q

Define Deep Somatic pain

A

Originates in the structures deeper than the skin, like joints, bones tendons and muscles

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5
Q

Define Visceral pain

A

Pain that originates in the organs (like menstrual cramps)

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6
Q

Define Radiating/referred pain

A

Pain that travels from one origin in the body to another area. (pain in the hip causing lower back to hurt)

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7
Q

Define Phantom pain

A

feeling pain in a limb that is no longer there. Like after a amputation

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8
Q

Define Psychogenic pain

A

pain the originates in the imagination and becomes real to the patient. (Patient can convince themselves mentally that something hurts even with no injury or problem.To them, its real )

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9
Q

What is Acute duration of pain

A

sudden onset, lasts only because of an injury, goes away after treatment or healing (less than a month depending on injury)

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10
Q

What is Chronic duration of pain

A

ongoing pain from a previous injury. Occurs even after injury was healed but still produces pain (6 + months)

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11
Q

What is Intractable duration of pain

A

pain lasts years, may be permanent. this pain does not respond to treatment or healing. (1 year +)

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12
Q

Define pain quality

A

What the pain feels like to the patient (throbbing, stabbing, achey, sharp)

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13
Q

Define pain “periodically” - what does this word mean when assessing pain.

A

How often does this pain occur in the patient’s life

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14
Q

Define intensity of pain

A

How much does this pain hurt, how strong is it.

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15
Q

What are the four categories classifying pain

A
  1. Origin
    2.Cause
    3.Duration
    4.Description
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16
Q

Define Physiology of pain- what happens in the body during “pain”

A

Both the CNS and PNS process stimuli in the body. This processing mobilizes the nociceptors and activates their pathways. Once the pathways are activated that sends a message throughout the body from the brain that something is injured or something “hurts”.

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17
Q

What are nociceptors

A

sensory receptors for noxious (painful) stimuli

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18
Q

What are the four steps that occur during physiology of pain

A
  1. Transduction
  2. transmission
  3. pain perception
  4. pain modulation
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19
Q

What is Transduction

A

1st step of pain physiology -
Activation of nociceptors by pain stimuli- message is sent throughout the body

20
Q

What is Transmission

A

2nd step of pain physiology
conduction of pain message to spinal cord. message is transported throughout the body

21
Q

What is Pain perception

A

3rd step to pain physiology
recognization and defining pain in cortex- Host now realizes something hurts.

22
Q

What is Pain modulation

A

4th and final step to pain physiology
changing pain perception over time as the body is treated or healed, or injury gets worse (does it feel better now? or does it feel worse?)

23
Q

What six things do you need to remember when assessing pain

A
  1. location
  2. quality
  3. intensity
  4. alleviating factors
  5. timing/duration
  6. goals
24
Q

What are some Nonverbal signs of pain

A
  • facial expressions (grimacing)
  • crying, moaning
  • elevated vitals (pulse, BP)
  • assess for depression
  • behavioral manifestations (sadness, anger)
25
Q

What are some factors that influence pain

A
  • emotions
  • past experiences
  • developmental stage
  • sociocultural factors
  • communication skills
  • cognitive impairments
26
Q

Define Pain Threshold

A

the point at which the stimuli causes the pt “pain” or the point an injury is noticed because something hurts

27
Q

Define Pain Tolerance

A

how much of painful stimuli a body can handle (depends person to person)

28
Q

What are some nonverbal pain scales nurses can use

A
  • Numeric Pain Scale (most common)
  • Wong- Baker face Scale (most common)
  • Visual Analogue Scale
  • Simple descriptor scale
29
Q

What does PQRST stand for

A

P- precipitating cause of pain
Q- quality of pain
R- Region of location
S- Severity of pain
T- Timing of onset/duration

30
Q

What are some Psychological factors that influence pain

A
  • mood
  • stress
  • coping
31
Q

What are some Biological factors that influence pain

A
  • Disease severity
  • Nociception
  • Inflammation
  • Brain function
32
Q

What are some Social factors that influence pain

A
  • Cultural factors
  • social environment
  • Economic factors
  • Social support
33
Q

What does the FLACC stand for

A

FACE
LEGS
ACTIVITY
CRY
CONSOLABILITY

34
Q

What are some Nonpharmacologic pain management methods.

A
  • Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS)
  • Precutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS)
  • Spinal Cord Stimulator (SCS)
  • Acupuncture
  • Acupressure
  • Massage
  • Heat or cold therapy
  • immobilization (cast)
  • Cognitive behavioral interventions (hypnosis)
  • muscle relaxation
  • guided imagery
35
Q

What are some Pharmacological pain management methods

A

Non-opioid Analgescis
Opioid Analgescis
Adjuvant Analgescis

36
Q

List some medications that are a Opioid Analgescis

A
  • morphine sulfate
  • Codine
  • Fentanyl
36
Q

List some medications that are a Adjuvant Analgesics

A
  • Gabapentin
  • Carbamazepine
37
Q

What kind of medication is Acetaminophen (tylenol)

A

Non-opioid analgescis

38
Q

What can happen in the endrocrine system if pain is not treated

A
  • excessive hormone release
  • insulin and testosterone levels decrease.
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Tachycardia
  • weight loss, fever, increased RR
  • death..
39
Q

What can happen in the Cardiovascular system if pain is not treated

A
  • Hyper-coagulation- increased clotting
  • increased HR, BP
  • increased cardiac workload, oxygen demand
  • Intercorinary thrombosis - clot formation in the heart blood vessels
  • Heart attack
  • death
40
Q

What can happen in the Musculoskeletal system if pain is not treated

A
  • Impaired muscle function, strength
  • immobility / ROM
  • loss of ADL’s
41
Q

What can happen in the Respiratory system if pain is not treated

A
  • Shallow breathing can lead to respiratory distress
  • decreased ventilation / oxygen flow
  • cyanosis
  • reduced tidal volume ( air + gas exchange)
  • pneumonia
  • carbon dioxide poisoning
  • respiratory acidosis
  • death
42
Q

What can happen in the Genitourinary tract if pain is not treated

A
  • decreased urinary output
  • urinary retention
  • fluid overload
  • hypokalemia
  • hypertension
  • increased cardiac output
43
Q

What can happen in the Gastrointestinal tact if pain is not treated

A
  • intestinal secretions in smooth muscle tone
  • increased gastric emptying
  • decreased mobility
44
Q

What is the #1 leading cause for people to seek medical attention?

A

Pain

45
Q

Define “referred pain” and give one example

A

referred pain is when pain is reported by pt in one place, but through physical assessments or findings the pain is tracked to a origin.

EXAMPLE: an injured pancreas could be causing pain in your back, or a heart attack could be triggering pain in your jaw.

Nursing Term 1 ALY JENNA (24 decks)

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