UNIT 4 - Ch. 24 Nutrition Flashcards
define nutrition?
a process involved by digestion, absorption and use of food and fluids by the body for growth, function and health maintenance.
Define metabolism
chemically changing nutrients such as lipids and proteins into products that are used to meet body energy needs and carry out body processes or store for later.
what is the normal range for pre-albumin?
10-36 mg/dl
What is the normal range for albumin?
3.5 - 5.5
What does protein do for the body? why is it a danger if it’s low?
protein helps with tissue growth, repair and immune function.
Without it wounds the pt may get may be harder to heal or more at risk for infection.
What are some food example of PROTEIN
meat, milk, eggs, cheese, legumes, nuts, soy products
What does the pre-albumin lab tell us.
the nutrition level of the patient. If they are deficient this could impact wound healing and immunity
What does the Lab BUN tell us and what is the normal range
6-20
BUN (ALONE) tell us the hydration level of the pt
What does creatinine AND BUN tells us + what is the normal range for creatnine
0.6-1.3
the kidney function of the pt.
if it’s low this could mean renal deficiency or impairment.
What is transferrin and what does it do to the body
a protein produced by the liver, helps in regulating the absorption of iron into the blood.
what are the two categories of carbohydrates?
Simple
Complex
How many kcal do carbohydrates produce
4 kcal / g
What are carbohydrates biggest role to the body
Biggest energy source!
What are simple carbohydrates
broken down quickly by the body to be used as energy.
- found in fruits, milk, and milk products, also found in candy, table sugar, syrups, and soft drinks.
What are complex carbohydrates
made up of sugar molecules that are strung together in long, complex chains.
- Fiber!
- found in foods such as peas, beans, whole grains, and vegetables.
What is Fiber and what are the two categories.
A complex carbohydrate that can be INSOLUBLE or SOLUBLE. Aids in clumping together digested foods to aid in bowel movement regularity.
define Soluble fiber
- dissolves in water to form a gel-like material.
- help lower blood cholesterol and glucose levels.
found in oats, peas, beans, apples, citrus fruits, carrots, barley and psyllium.
define insoluble fiber
found in foods such as wheat bran, vegetables, and whole grains.
It adds bulk to the stool and appears to help food pass more quickly through the stomach and intestines.
how many kcal is in protein
4 kcal / g
what are the two types of protein - define both
complete -contains all essential amino acids needed, from one source
incomplete- does not contain all essential amino acids from one source
Why is protein important for the body
Muscle growth
wound healing!
immune system
repair tissues
What are the fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E and K
how many kcal do fats produce
9 kcal/ g
what are lipids
Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds which include fats found in the body
The functions of lipids include storing energy, signaling, and acting as structural components of cell membranes.
examples: waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins, monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others.
What are triglycerides
Triglycerides are a type of lipid that circulates in your blood.
- most common type of fat in your body.
butter, oils, and other fats you eat. also come from extra calories your body does not need right away.
What does water do for the body
- helps control temperature
- maintaining acid- base balance (PH)
- regulates fluids (electrolytes)
- transports nutrients
What are two problems associated with Water
- Dehydration
- Fluid overload
What are vitamins
Vitamins are a group of substances that are needed for normal cell function, growth, and development. There are 13 essential vitamins.
what are the 13 essential vitamins
- A
- C
- D
- E
- K
- B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, B6, B12, and folate)
What are the water soluble vitamins
C and b vitamins
What are the fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E and K
What is vitamin A important for?
What can a deficiency do?
list some foods high in this vitamin.
- normal vision
- immune system
- reproduction
- growth and development
- heart
- lungs
Deficiency can cause
- night blindness
- low immunity
- impaired growth and development.
FOODS
Certain vegetables and fruits, as well as animal products, are good sources of vitamin A. This includes kale, spinach, mango, and guava, as well as beef, chicken, fish, cheese, and eggs.
What is vitamin D important for?
What can a deficiency do?
list some foods high in this vitamin.
SUNSHINE VITAMIN
promotes calcium absorption in the gut and maintains adequate serum calcium and phosphate concentrations to enable normal bone mineralization and to prevent hypocalcemic tetany (involuntary contraction of muscles, leading to cramps and spasms).
LOW
can cause muscle cramps, bones pain, fractures or breaks, weakness
FOODS
milk, fish (Salmon!) orange juice mushrooms, egg yolks
What is vitamin E important for?
What can a deficiency do?
list some foods high in this vitamin.
helps maintain healthy skin and eyes, and strengthen the body’s natural defence against illness and infection (the immune system).
deficiency may cause impaired reflexes (neurological issues ) and coordination, difficulty walking, and weak muscles.
sunflower seeds
pine nuts
peanut butter
avocado
fish
red bell peppers
