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Nursing Term 1 ALY JENNA > UNIT 3 - Ch. 33 Oxygenation > Flashcards

UNIT 3 - Ch. 33 Oxygenation Flashcards

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1
Q

What body system controls the Respiratory and cardiac tracts

A

The Brainstem

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2
Q

What labs are commonly used for finding Respiratory problems

A

ABG’s

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3
Q

Define Bronchodilation

A

Expansion (opening) of the airways in the lungs and tissues.

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4
Q

Define Bronchoconstriction

A

Restriction (closing) of the airways in the lungs and tissues.

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5
Q

Define Retractions and why are they bad to see…

A

The areas below the ribs, between the ribs, and in the neck sink in with each attempt to inhale.

These are signs that someone is working harder than normal to breathe = respiratory distress

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6
Q

What physiology happens during INHALATION

A
  • Diaphragm contracts
  • intercostal muscles contracts
  • thorax size increases
  • Lungs have a negative pressure
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7
Q

What physiology happens during EXHALATION

A
  • Diaphragm relaxes
  • intercostal muscles relax
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8
Q

Define Lung Compliance

A

It refers to the ability of the lungs to stretch and expand.

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9
Q

Define Airway resistance

A

the change in transpulmonary pressure needed to produce a unit flow of gas through the airways of the lung.

More simply put, it is the pressure difference between the mouth and alveoli of the lung, divided by airflow.

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10
Q

Define Ventilation

A

Ventilation (V) refers to the flow of air into and out of the alveoli,

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11
Q

Define Perfusion

A

Perfusion (Q) refers to the flow of blood to alveolar capillaries.

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12
Q

Define Surfactant

A

Surfactant is a mixture of fat and proteins made in the lungs. Surfactant coats the alveoli This prevents the alveoli from sticking during inhalation

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13
Q

What is an Alveoli

A

the air sacs in the lungs where oxygen enters the body

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14
Q

What happens during Gas Exchange

A

During gas exchange oxygen moves from the lungs to the bloodstream. At the same time carbon dioxide passes from the blood to the lungs.

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15
Q

Common Developmental problems for an INFANT, and why…

A

Apnea (lack of breathing)
- due to immature lower airways and systems

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16
Q

Common Developmental problems for TODDLERS and why…

A

Risk of URI’s ( Upper respiratory infections) due to small airways.

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17
Q

Common Developmental health problems for SCHOOL AGE- ADOLECNCES , and why…

A

Asthma is the most common due to exposure

Rhinitis (a cold) is the most common acute illness due to lack of immunity

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18
Q

Common Developmental problems for YOUNG - MIDDLE ADULT and why…

A

Respiratory failures of weakening due to Smoking / tobacco use

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19
Q

Common Developmental problems for OLDER ADULTS, and why…

A

High risk of infections due to
- decreased lung expansion
- weakened cough ability
- weakened ability to expel foreign objects
- weaker immune response

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20
Q

Define Mucocillary Clearance

A

The ability to expel foreign objects out of the body through coughing.

21
Q

what level of edema is 0mm

A

0+ No pitting edema

22
Q

what level of edema is 2mm

A

1+ Mild pitting edema

23
Q

what level of edema is 4mm

A

2+ Moderate pitting edema

24
Q

what level of edema is 6mm

A

3+ Moderately severe pitting edema.

25
Q

what level of edema is 8mm

A

4+ severe pitting edema

26
Q

What is Cyanosis

A

Blue-ish tint to skin tone due to lack of oxygenation to the body systems or lungs

27
Q

Define Peripheral Pulses

A

A peripheral pulse refers to palpating the high-pressure wave of blood moving away from the heart through vessels in the extremities following systolic ejection.

28
Q

Define Hypoxia

A

Hypoxia is the lack of oxygen circulating the body

29
Q

Define Hypoxemia

A

an abnormally low concentration of oxygen in the blood.
- can happen due to a bleeding issue.
- can lead to hypoxia

30
Q

S/S of Hypoxia

A
  • wheezing
  • fatigue
    -clubbing of nails
  • coughing
  • shortness of breath
  • Tachycardia
  • low O2 saturation
  • Cyanosis
  • ## Bradycardia (severe- Heart failure)
31
Q

What does Clubbing of the nails indicate

A

Low O2 levels in the body

32
Q

What is a normal SpO2 level %? What about in a patient with COPD?

A

HEALTHY PT:
Normal 95%-100%
If less than 92%, intervention needed
If less than 88%, home O2 needed

COPD PT:
Normal 92%-95%
If less than 88%, intervention needed

33
Q

What is a normal COPD SpO2 level %

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
90%-92%
- going over this by giving oxygen therapy can hurt more than heal.

34
Q

Define COPD
- list two examples

A

Chronic Obstructive pulmonary Disease
- Bronchitis
- Emphsema

35
Q

What does it mean when someone has a productive cough

A

A productive cough is when sputum is coming up and out of the body.

36
Q

Define Hemoptysis

A

Blood present in the Sputum.

37
Q

What is Aspiration Pneumonia

A

occurs when oral or gastric contents are aspirated into the lungs, leading to infection.

38
Q

What are some risks associated with getting aspiration pneumonia

A
  • dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
  • poor oral health
  • food entering lungs
39
Q

What is a incentive spirometer

A

medical device that assists in restoring lung function.

40
Q

What is a combo med

A

a medication with a bronchodilator + steroid

41
Q

Define Hyperglycemia

what is the normal range

A

High Blood glucose levels

normal range (70-100)

42
Q

Define Hypokalemia

what is the normal range

A

Low potassium levels

normal levels (3.5-5.0)

43
Q

Define retractions

A

the muscles are pulled inward and occur between the ribs when inspiration occurs. intercostal retractions are a sign of hypoxia and severe respiratory distress

44
Q

Define lung compliance

A

the point to which a lung can expand in response to increased pressure within the alveoli

45
Q

Define airway resistance

A

the pressure that exists when the diameter of the airway is narrowed

46
Q

Most common chronic disease of childhood

A

asthma

47
Q

Most common acute illness of childhood

A

Rhinitis

48
Q
A

Nursing Term 1 ALY JENNA (19 decks)

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