unit 4 Flashcards
sensation vs. perception
sensation: input, reciving stimulous
perception: processing, organizing + interpreting sensory info
Types of processing
top-down vs. bottom-up
top-down:
whole –> peice “have I seen this before?” uses prior knowlwged (Internal) info to peice together situation or image
bottom-up:
peice –> whole “what am I seeing” takes in external info to peice together situation or image
Galstalt principals
- closure
- figure and ground
- proximity
- similarity
Galstalt principals: principals to explain how brain organizes info
- closure: making image whole by filling in gap
- figure and ground: subject vs background
- proximity: grouping based on distance
- similarity: grouping based on similarities
Attention
selective attention
cocktail party effect:
Inattention:
change blindness:
perception adaptation:
Attention: interaction of sensation + perception
selective attention
cocktail party effect: ability to single out info from loud/busy environments
Inattention: when something is missed in sight when foused on one thing
ex. basketball gorilla vid
change blindness: change goes unnoticed after interruption
perception adaptation: ability to adjust to artificially displaced or inverted visual field
Bionocular vs monocular depth cues
Bionocular : uses 2 eyes
monocular: uses 1 eye
binocular depth cues
- retinal disparity:
- convergence:
- retinal disparity: uses the difference in what both eyes see to determine depth
- convergence: uses how far inward eyes must rotate to gauge depth
closer = more rotation
far= less rotation
monocular depth cues
- relative clarity:
- relative size:
- texture gradient:
- interposition:
- shading
7.relative movement:
- relative clarity: clear=close blurry = far
- relative size: big= close small = far
- texture gradient: detailed = close undetailed = far
- interposition: blocking=close being blocked= far
- shading
7.relative movement: if takes long time to pass = close if takes short time to pass= far
visual perceptual consistencies:
- colour consistancy
- brightness consistancy:
- shape consistancy
- size consistancy
visual perceptual consistencies: perception stays the same while stimulus changes
- colour consistancy: familar objects are the same colour we remeber
- brightness consistancy: we know colours appear darker in dimmer lighting
- shape consistancy: we know a door is a rectangle even at a weird ass angle
- size consistancy: we know the size of a house even if it looks vary small
apparent movement:
- phi phenomenon:
- stroboscopic movement:
apparent movement: fake moment where there is none
- phi phenomenon: flashing lights in quick succession
ex. Christmas lights or scrolling welcome signs - stroboscopic movement: images in quick succession
ex. animation or flip books
Thresholds
1. absolute threshold:
2. subliminal detection:
3. signal detection theory:
4. sensor adaptation:
5. difference of thresholds:
6. webster’s law:
- absolute threshold: minimum amount of stimulus to be detected 50% of the time
- subliminal detection:stimulaus below the absolute threshold
- signal detection theory:no absolute threshold, stimuli detection depends on psycholigcal factors (altern’s, motive, experaince, expectations.)
- sensor adaptation:desensatization to repeated stimulous
- difference of thresholds:minimum amount of differeance in stimulous to be detected as diffrent
- webster’s law:minimum % of differeance in stimulous to be detected as diffrent
colours and wave lengths
short = high frequancy
long = low frequancy
great amplititued(tall)=bright colours
small amplititude (short) = dull colours
Young-Helmontle trichromatic theory (3 colour theory):
opponent-process theory:
Young-Helmontle trichromatic theory (3 colour theory):only 3 types of recepter cones red, green, blue
-all colour is seen through them
opponent-process theory: colours are preeived as opposites
yellow vs. blue
red vs. green
colour blindness:
colour blindness: ppl missing a colour cone
rods vs cones
rods: detect black, white, and gray
-twilight
cones: detects colours
-daylight
pitch and waves
low frequancy = low pitch
high frequancy = high pitch
