Psychological Disorders Flashcards
psychological disorder
deviant,
distressful, and dysfunctional behavior
patterns.
attention-deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD)
a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7
of one or more of three key symptoms:
extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and
impulsivity
medical model
the concept that
diseases, in this case psychological
disorders, have physical causes that can
be diagnosed, treated, and, in most
cases, cured, often through treatment
in a hospital.
DSM-IV-TR
the American Psychiatric
Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth
Edition, with an updated “text revision”;
a widely used system for classifying
psychological disorders.
anxiety disorders
psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors
that reduce anxiety
generalized anxiety disorder
an
anxiety disorder in which a person is
continually tense, apprehensive, and in a
state of autonomic nervous system
arousal.
panic disorder
an anxiety disorder
marked by unpredictable minutes-long
episodes of intense dread in which a
person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other
frightening sensations
phobia
an anxiety disorder marked by
a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation
obsessive-compulsive disorder
(OCD)
an anxiety disorder characterized
by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).
post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD)
an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares,
social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or
insomnia that lingers for four weeks or
more after a traumatic experience.
post-traumatic growth
positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises.
somatoform disorder
psychological
disorder in which the symptoms take a
somatic (bodily) form without apparent
physical cause. (See conversion disorder
and hypochondriasis.)
conversion disorder
a rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical
symptoms for which no physiological
basis can be found.
hypochondriasis
a somatoform disorder in which a person interprets normal
physical sensations as symptoms of a
disease
dissociative disorders
disorders in
which conscious awareness becomes
separated (dissociated) from previous
memories, thoughts, and feelings.
dissociative identity disorder (DID)
a rare dissociative disorder in which a
person exhibits two or more distinct and
alternating personalities. Formerly called
multiple personality disorder
mood disorders
psychological disorders characterized by emotional
extremes. See major depressive disorder,
mania, and bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
a mood
disorder in which a person experiences,
in the absence of drugs or a medical
condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of
worthlessness, and diminished interest
or pleasure in most activities.
mania
a mood disorder marked by a
hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.
bipolar disorder
a mood disorder in
which the person alternates between
the hopelessness and lethargy of
depression and the overexcited state of
mania. (Formerly called manicdepressive disorder.)
schizophrenia
a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized
and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions
and actions.
delusions
false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany
psychotic disorders.
personality disorders
psychological
disorders characterized by inflexible and
enduring behavior patterns that impair
social functioning.
antisocial personality disorder
a
personality disorder in which the person
(usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward
friends and family members. May be
aggressive and ruthless or a clever con
artist.
