Psychological Disorders

Question 1

psychological disorder

Answer 1

deviant,
distressful, and dysfunctional behavior
patterns.

Question 2

attention-deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD)

Answer 2

a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7
of one or more of three key symptoms:
extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and
impulsivity

Question 3

medical model

Answer 3

the concept that
diseases, in this case psychological
disorders, have physical causes that can
be diagnosed, treated, and, in most
cases, cured, often through treatment
in a hospital.

Question 4

DSM-IV-TR

Answer 4

the American Psychiatric
Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth
Edition, with an updated “text revision”;
a widely used system for classifying
psychological disorders.

Question 5

anxiety disorders

Answer 5

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors
that reduce anxiety

Question 6

generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 6

an
anxiety disorder in which a person is
continually tense, apprehensive, and in a
state of autonomic nervous system
arousal.

Question 7

panic disorder

Answer 7

an anxiety disorder
marked by unpredictable minutes-long
episodes of intense dread in which a
person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other
frightening sensations

Question 8

phobia

Answer 8

an anxiety disorder marked by
a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation

Question 9

obsessive-compulsive disorder
(OCD)

Answer 9

an anxiety disorder characterized
by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).

Question 10

post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD)

Answer 10

an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares,
social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or
insomnia that lingers for four weeks or
more after a traumatic experience.

Question 11

post-traumatic growth

Answer 11

positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises.

Question 12

somatoform disorder

Answer 12

psychological
disorder in which the symptoms take a
somatic (bodily) form without apparent
physical cause. (See conversion disorder
and hypochondriasis.)

Question 13

conversion disorder

Answer 13

a rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical
symptoms for which no physiological
basis can be found.

Question 14

hypochondriasis

Answer 14

a somatoform disorder in which a person interprets normal
physical sensations as symptoms of a
disease

Question 15

dissociative disorders

Answer 15

disorders in
which conscious awareness becomes
separated (dissociated) from previous
memories, thoughts, and feelings.

Question 16

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Answer 16

a rare dissociative disorder in which a
person exhibits two or more distinct and
alternating personalities. Formerly called
multiple personality disorder

Question 17

mood disorders

Answer 17

psychological disorders characterized by emotional
extremes. See major depressive disorder,
mania, and bipolar disorder

Question 18

major depressive disorder

Answer 18

a mood
disorder in which a person experiences,
in the absence of drugs or a medical
condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of
worthlessness, and diminished interest
or pleasure in most activities.

Question 19

mania

Answer 19

a mood disorder marked by a
hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.

Question 20

bipolar disorder

Answer 20

a mood disorder in
which the person alternates between
the hopelessness and lethargy of
depression and the overexcited state of
mania. (Formerly called manicdepressive disorder.)

Question 21

schizophrenia

Answer 21

a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized
and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions
and actions.

Question 22

delusions

Answer 22

false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany
psychotic disorders.

Question 23

personality disorders

Answer 23

psychological
disorders characterized by inflexible and
enduring behavior patterns that impair
social functioning.

Question 24

antisocial personality disorder

Answer 24

a
personality disorder in which the person
(usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward
friends and family members. May be
aggressive and ruthless or a clever con
artist.