Exam Pt. 2 Neuro science

Question 1

Name the function of neurons
Neurons:

Cell body:

Dendrite:

Axon:

Myelin:

Cation potential:

Synapse:

Neurotransmitters:

Reuptake:

Answer 1

Cell body: life support center of the cell

Dendrite: receives messages from other cells

Axon: Carried messages away from the cell

Myelin: **Covers the axon and helps with speed of the messages

Action potential: The ** electrical signals**

Terminal branch: forms junktions with other cells/connects the cells

Synapse: gap between terminal branches that the chemical messages (neurotransmitters) cross

Reuptake: the neurotransmitters that are fired are reabsorbed

Question 2

Types of Neurons

sensory neurons;

Internurons:

Motor neurons:

Answer 2

sensory neurons; Input
sends message (raw input/action potiential/neural impulses) from body tissue and organs –> brain

Internurons: Process
neurons in brain + spinal cord sends the input to motor neurons

Motor neurons: Output
Instructions are then passed to the body tissue to preform acton

Senory neurons –> inter neurons –> motor neurons

Question 3

Types of neurotransmitters

1. Acetyldealine (ACh):
2. Dopamine:
3. Serotonin:
4. Norepinephrie:
5. GABA:
6. Glutamate:
7. Endorphins:

Answer 3

1. Acetyldealine (ACh):
   Movement
   Learning
   Memory

Under supply –> Alzheimers

2. Dopamine:
   Learing
   Attention
   Movement
   Emotion

Over supply –> alzhemiers, ADHD, Schizophrenia

3. Serotonin:
   Sleep
   Mood
   Arousal
   s
   Hunger

Under supply –> depression

4. Norepinephrie:
   Alertness
   Arousal
   Sleep

Undersupply –> depression

5. GABA: inhibiltator Slows brain
   Undersupply –> seizures, tremers, insomina
6. Glutamate: excitatoruy speeds brain
   oversupply –> overstimuation, siezers
7. Endorphins: pain relief

Question 4

Molecules

1. Neurotransmitters:
2. Agonist molecules;
3. Antagonist molecules:

Answer 4

1. Neurotransmitters:fit perfectly into the receiving neuron
2. Agonist molecules; drug that mimics the effects of neurotransmitters
3. Antagonist molecules:blocks action, neurotranmitters, and reuptake

Question 5

Nervous system

1. Central nervous system:
2. Perpheral nervous system:

2.1 somatic nervous

2.2 autnomiatic nervous

2.21 Sympathetic nervous

2.22 Parasympathetic

Nerves:
Glial cells:

Answer 5

1. Central nervous system: brain + spins
   -Makes decisions
2. Perpheral nervous system:
   -controls movement

2.1 somatic nervous system: conrols voluntary movements

2.2 autnomiatic nervous system: controls involunatry movement

2.21 Sympathetic nervous system;
-flight or flight
-arouses and excites

2.22 Parasympathetic nervous system:
-rest and digests
-relaxes and calms

Nerves:
Glial cells: support and protect neurons

Question 6

The endocrine system

Hormones:

Glands:

1. Adrenal Glands:
2. Pituary Gland:
3. thyroid gland;
4. parathyroid gland:
5. Testies:
6. Ovary:

Answer 6

Hormones: chemical messages that travel through the blood stream
-effects last longer and is slower

Glands: secrete hormones

1. Adrenal Glands:
   increases
   -heart rate
   -blood pressure
   -blood surgar
   -above the pancreaus
2. Pituary Gland:
   -master gland
   -controled by the hypthalamas
3. thyroid gland;
   -metabolism
4. parathyroid gland:
   -regulates calcium levels in blood
5. Testies:
   -secrete male sex hormones
6. Ovary:
   -female sex hormones

Question 7

The brain study piple line

Phernology

case studies:

lesions:

brain imaging

Answer 7

Phernology: feel brain for bumps
-Franz gall

case studies: ppl get injuied, they are studies
-Phinias Gage

lesions: surgical destruction of brain tissue

brain imaging

Question 8

Brain imaging

CT scans:

PET:

MRI:

EEG:

FMRI:

Angiegraphy:

Question 9

halves of the brain

Left
vs
Right

corpus callsum:

Answer 9

Left: thoughts, Logic, speeking, calculations
Dipper

Right: feelings, tones, crativity
Mable

corpus callsum: connects the two halves

Question 10

Lobes of the brain

1. Frontal lobe
2. partienal lobe:
3. Ocupital lobe:
4. Temperal lobe;

Answer 10

1. Frontal lobe:
   -strategy
   -movement
   -speaking
   -motor context
2. Pertienal lobe
   -sensory cortex
3. occipital lobe:
   -vision
4. Temporal:
   -Hearing

Question 11

misalinus parts of the brain

cerebral cortex:

cerebellum:

Mid brain:

Answer 11

cerebral cortex:
-king control + processing center
-inter connecting neurons covering he brain

Corpus callsum:
-connects left and right halves of the brain

cerebellum:
-mini brain
-muscle memory
-movements

Mid brain: relays info brain –> eyes + ears
and info from eyes + ears –> brain

Question 12

Brain stem

Medulla:

Pons:

Thalmas:

Recticular formation:

Answer 12

Medulla: heart rate + breathing

Pons: coordination

Thalmas: reroute senses to correct parts of the brain (except smell)

Recticular formation: alertness + arousal

Question 13

limbic system

1. Amygdala:
2. Hypothalamous:
3. Hippocampus:

Answer 13

1. Amygdala:
   Emotions (fear + aggression)
2. Hypothalamous:
   Basic drives (hunger, thirst, sex, and bodt temp)
3. Hippocampus:
   Creates memories