Social Psychology Flashcards
social psychology
the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
attribution theory
fundamental attribution error
attribution theory:
theory we credit the situation for others behavior
fundamental attribution error: the tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition
attitude
feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events.
central route to persuasion
peripheral route to persuasion
central route to persuasion
:when interested people are pursued with facts and logic
peripheral route to persuasion: When people are pursued by charm
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Have ppl agree to small stuff to get them to agree to bigger stuff
role
expectations(social norms) about a social position determining how ppl in the position should behave
cognitive dissonance theory
Theory that we change something to reduce discomfort from 2 thoughts clashing
ex. attitude and actions
conformity
changing behavior or thinking to agree with a groups standards
normative social influence vs informational social influence
normative social influence
: ppl being persuaded by desire for approval
informational social influence: ppl being persuaded by willingness to accept others opioins
social facilitation vs. social loafing
social facilitation: stronger responses in the presence of others
social loafing: tendency to put less effort when in a group
deindividuation
going crazy and losing yourself in a group
group polarization
groupthink
ingroup
outgroup
ingroup bias
mirror-image perceptions
group polarization: us vs them extreme
groupthink: echo chamber
ingroup: the us ppl who share a common believes
outgroup: the them ppl opposing side who disagree with the us group
ingroup bias: tendency to favor your own group
mirror-image perceptions: each party views the other as evil and immoral while they themselves are good.
prejudice
stereotype
discrimination
scapegoat theory
prejudice:attitude towards a group usually involving stereotype
stereotype: generalized belief about a group of ppl
discrimination: unjustifiable negative believes towards a group
scapegoat theory: theory that prejudices is an outlet for anger by making an enemy
other-race effect
its easier to recall faces of ppl of the same race
aggression
frustration-aggression principle
aggression: any physical or verbal
behavior intended to hurt or destroy
frustration-aggression principle: principle that frustration –> anger –> aggression
passionate love
companionate love
passionate love: aroused state of intense positive absorption (obsession) in another person
companionate love: deep attachment to those in our lives
self-disclosure
revealing intimate aspects of yourself to others
altruism
unselfish regard for the
welfare of others
generosity
bystander effect
tendency for bystanders to stay a bystander if other bystanders present
reciprocity norm
social-responsibility norm
just-world phenomenon
equity
reciprocity norm: expectation that people will only help those who have helped them
a dog will not bite the hand that feeds
social-responsibility norm:
expectation that ppl will help those who are dependent on them
just-world phenomenon: tenancy to believe that the world is just and ppl get what they deserve
equity:condition where people get what they give
conflict
a perceived incompatibility of
actions, goals, or ideas
social exchange theory
social trap
superordinate goals
social exchange theory:theory that social behaviour is an exchange
the goal is to maximize benefit and minimize coast
social trap: situation where conflicting parties become caught in mutually destructive behavior
superordinate goals: shared goals that need cooperation that override differences between people
the enemy of my enemy is my friend
GRIT
Graduated and Reciprocated
Initiatives in Tension-Reduction—a
strategy designed to decrease
international tensions.
