Uni 3 Sate of unconscious Flashcards
Consciousness
awareness of ourselves and our environment
cognitive neuroscience
the interdisciplinary study of the brain activitylinked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).
Dual processing
the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks*
selective attention
the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
selective inattention/inattentional blindness
missing objects when attention is directed elsewhere
change blindness
failing to notice changes in the environment
circadian [ser-KAY-dee-an] rhythm
biological clock that regulates bodily rhythms that occur on a 24 hour cycle
Ex. awakeness and temperature
REM sleep
Rapid Eye Movement stage of sleep where vivid dreams commonly happen cuz muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active
alpha waves
delta waves
alpha waves: the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state
delta waves: the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep
hallucinations
false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.
Sleep
periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness- a distinct from unconsciousness resulting in a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation
insomnia:
narcolepsy:
sleep apnea:
Night terrors:
Sleep walking/talking
insomnia: recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.
narcolepsy: a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.
That one ep of victorious
sleep apnea: a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.
night terrors: a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.
Sleep walking/talking: walking or talking in ur sleeps
dream
a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer’s delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.
manifest content
latent content
manifest content: according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content)
latent content: according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content).
REM rebound
the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep).
hypnosis
a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.
posthypnotic suggestion
a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.
dissociation
a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.
psychoactive drug
a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.
tolerance
the diminishing effect with
regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring** the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the
drug’s effect.
withdrawal
the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.
physical dependence
psychological dependence
addiction
physical dependence : a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.
psychological dependence: a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.
addiction: compulsive drug craving
and use, despite adverse consequences.
depressants
barbiturates
opiates
stimulants
amphetamines
methamphetamine
Ecstasy (MDMA)
hallucinogens
LSD
THC
depressants: drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.
barbiturates: drugs that depress the
activity of the central nervous system,
reducing anxiety but impairing memory
and judgment.
opiates: opium and its derivatives,
such as morphine and heroin; they
depress neural activity, temporarily
lessening pain and anxiety.
stimulants: drugs (such as caffeine,
nicotine, and the more powerful
amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy)
that excite neural activity and speed up
body functions
amphetamines: drugs that stimulate
neural activity, causing speeded-up
body functions and associated energy
and mood changes.
methamphetamine: a powerfully
addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up
body functions and associated energy
and mood changes; over time, appears
to reduce baseline dopamine levels.
Ecstasy (MDMA): a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.
hallucinogens: psychedelic (“mindmanifesting”) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory
images in the absence of sensory input.
LSD: a powerful hallucinogenic drug;
also known as acid (lysergic acid
diethylamide).
THC: the major active ingredient in
marijuana; triggers a variety of effects,
including mild hallucinations.
near-death experience
an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to druginduced hallucinations.
state of cousouness
Restoration theory
Ecological theory
theories of why we sleep
Restoration theory: repair + restore
Ecological theory: keep us safe
