unit 2,organelles

Question 1

Smooth er

Answer 1

no ribosomes , synthesis storing and transporting carbs and lipids , enclosure network of tubules and flatter sacs called cisternae providing large sa for production

Question 2

ribsomes

Answer 2

not membrane bound , made from rna and proteins, site of protein synthesis, 25% of cell, small cytoplasmic granules

Question 3

golgi apparatus

Answer 3

membrane bound, produces and packages new lipids and proteins , makes lysosomes , adds non proteins such as carbs and sends to specific destinations

Question 4

vacuole

Answer 4

has a tonoplast a single celled membrane, maintains pressure and keeps cell rigid , stores mineral salts , amino acids, wastes , anthocyans, pigments petals to attract insects, provides turgidity

Question 5

size of mitochondrion

Answer 5

size 1-10hm

Question 6

cristae of mitochondrion characteristics

Answer 6

it has a large surface area for respiration and also has proteins and enzymes attached

Question 7

what does the matrix of the mitochondrion contain

Answer 7

proteins, lipids, ribosomes, DNA, enzymes

Question 8

characteristics of mitochondrion

Answer 8

it has its own DNA and ribosomes for protein
produces energy carrier molecules for ATP
aerobic respiration

Question 9

what’s good about the grana in a chloroplast

Answer 9

it has large surface area for light to be absorbed

Question 10

why does chloroplasts have DNA and ribosomes

Answer 10

to manufacture proteins for photosynthesis

Question 11

what is the granum (chloroplast)

Answer 11

100 thylakoids

Question 12

what happens in the thylakoid and what do they have (chloroplast)

Answer 12

where the light dependant reaction happens
they have their own membrane containing protein

Question 13

what is the lamella in the chloroplast

Answer 13

links the grana together

Question 14

the nucleolus characteristics

Answer 14

densely packed DNA and proteins, it is also involved in making proteins

Question 15

why is the nucleus membrane bound

Answer 15

to protect the chromatin as it is fragile and there is harsh surroundings, it also separates from other organelles

Question 16

nuclear envelope characteristics

Answer 16

it has two membranes
contains pores to allow through ribosomes and MRNA
exchange of substances controls what goes in and out

Question 17

what is chromatin (nucleoplasm) and does the nucleus contain it

Answer 17

it’s dna and proteins condensed together by histones
yes, it’s the chromosomes within

Question 18

why does the rough er have flattened sacs

Answer 18

for a large surface area, for protein and glycoprotein

Question 19

rough er

Answer 19

has proteins attached to it
folds and processes proteins that have been made into ribosomes
transports minerals eg) proteins through cell

Question 20

lysosome

Answer 20

removes useless and dangerous material, helps break down cells that have died , works with phagocytic cells, helps digest invading bacteria, isolates enzymes from rest of the cell

Question 21

cell wall

Answer 21

surrounds cell in plants , algae and fungi, consists of microfibrils (polysaccharide) for strength and it also allows water in and out, stops changing shape

Question 22

middle lamella in the cell wall

Answer 22

thin layer that marks boundary between adjacent cells and also cements these adjacent cells together