unit 2,organelles Flashcards
Smooth er
no ribosomes , synthesis storing and transporting carbs and lipids , enclosure network of tubules and flatter sacs called cisternae providing large sa for production
ribsomes
not membrane bound , made from rna and proteins, site of protein synthesis, 25% of cell, small cytoplasmic granules
golgi apparatus
membrane bound, produces and packages new lipids and proteins , makes lysosomes , adds non proteins such as carbs and sends to specific destinations
vacuole
has a tonoplast a single celled membrane, maintains pressure and keeps cell rigid , stores mineral salts , amino acids, wastes , anthocyans, pigments petals to attract insects, provides turgidity
size of mitochondrion
size 1-10hm
cristae of mitochondrion characteristics
it has a large surface area for respiration and also has proteins and enzymes attached
what does the matrix of the mitochondrion contain
proteins, lipids, ribosomes, DNA, enzymes
characteristics of mitochondrion
it has its own DNA and ribosomes for protein
produces energy carrier molecules for ATP
aerobic respiration
what’s good about the grana in a chloroplast
it has large surface area for light to be absorbed
why does chloroplasts have DNA and ribosomes
to manufacture proteins for photosynthesis
what is the granum (chloroplast)
100 thylakoids
what happens in the thylakoid and what do they have (chloroplast)
where the light dependant reaction happens
they have their own membrane containing protein
what is the lamella in the chloroplast
links the grana together
the nucleolus characteristics
densely packed DNA and proteins, it is also involved in making proteins
why is the nucleus membrane bound
to protect the chromatin as it is fragile and there is harsh surroundings, it also separates from other organelles
nuclear envelope characteristics
it has two membranes
contains pores to allow through ribosomes and MRNA
exchange of substances controls what goes in and out
what is chromatin (nucleoplasm) and does the nucleus contain it
it’s dna and proteins condensed together by histones
yes, it’s the chromosomes within
why does the rough er have flattened sacs
for a large surface area, for protein and glycoprotein
rough er
has proteins attached to it
folds and processes proteins that have been made into ribosomes
transports minerals eg) proteins through cell
lysosome
removes useless and dangerous material, helps break down cells that have died , works with phagocytic cells, helps digest invading bacteria, isolates enzymes from rest of the cell
cell wall
surrounds cell in plants , algae and fungi, consists of microfibrils (polysaccharide) for strength and it also allows water in and out, stops changing shape
middle lamella in the cell wall
thin layer that marks boundary between adjacent cells and also cements these adjacent cells together
