unit 1, carbohydrates

Question 1

what is on top H or OH for alpha glucose ?

Answer 1

H

Question 2

what is a disaccharide?

Answer 2

made up of two sugar units that are formed by a condensation reaction

Question 3

what is an isomer ?

Answer 3

two or more compound with the same formula but a different arrangement of atoms, therefore different properties

Question 4

examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 4

glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 5

examples of disaccharides?

Answer 5

maltose , sucrose , lactose

Question 6

what are reducing sugars ?

Answer 6

it serves a reducing agent

Question 7

what is a non reducing sugar and an example?

Answer 7

it doesn’t serve a reducing agent. sucrose is an example

Question 8

what is a hexose sugar?

Answer 8

a sugar mad up or 6 carbons

Question 9

what’s an example of a hexose sugar ?

Answer 9

glucose

Question 10

what makes maltose ? is it reducing or non reducing ?

Answer 10

glucose + glucose = maltose
it is reducing

Question 11

what makes lactose? is it reducing or non reducing ?

Answer 11

glucose + galactose = lactose
it is reducing

Question 12

what makes up sucrose ? is it reducing or non reducing?

Answer 12

glucose + fructose = sucrose
it is NON reducing

Question 13

is starch alpha or beta?

Answer 13

alpha

Question 14

structure of starch

Answer 14

mixture of two polysaccharides, amylose and amylopectin.
amylose - long and unbranched
amylopectin- long beached chain due to 1-6 glycosidic bonds

Question 15

properties of amylose and amylopectin? (starch)

Answer 15

amylose- coils so it is compact and stored in a small space
amylopectin- branches increase surface area therefore causing enzymes to perform hydrolysis reactions in glycosidic to take place to allow glucose to be released quickly

Question 16

what are the uses of starch?

Answer 16

starch can be used to store excess glucose as it’s too large to leave cells and is also insoluble ( therefore doesn’t effect water potential), it can also be be hydrolysed to release glucose for respiration

Question 17

is glycogen alpha or beta glucose ?

Answer 17

alpha

Question 18

what is the structure of glycogen

Answer 18

a long branched chain , with lots of side branches (branches on the branches), glycosidic bond is 1-6

Question 19

what is the properties of glycogen?

Answer 19

lord of branches so there is increase in surface area for enzymes to hydrolyse glycosidic bonds allowing glucose to be released quickly.
it also compacts molecules so it’s good for storage.

Question 20

what are the uses of glycogen

Answer 20

animals store excess glucose as glycogen , in liver and the muscles , it is an energy store . it can be hydrolysed to release glucose quickly for respiration

Question 21

is cellulose beta or alpha

Answer 21

beta

Question 22

what is the structure of cellulose

Answer 22

long unbranded straight chains, glycosidic bonds are 1-4.
these chains are then linked together by hydrogen bonds between the glucose molecules forming thick fibres called microfibrils.

Question 23

properties of cellulose?

Answer 23

the hydrogen bonds between the cellulose chains cause the microfibrils to be very strong but also flexible, allowing them to provide support.

Question 24

uses of cellulose ?

Answer 24

cellulose is a major structural component in cell walls of plants, it provides support and allows cells to become turgid