Unit 1, DNA Flashcards
What are nucleotides made up of?
Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar , base
what is the bond between sugar and base?
glycosidic bond
what is the bond between sugar and phosphate?
ester bond
what are the names of C,G,A,T
cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine
what bases are complementary?
c,g and a,t
what type of base is adenine and guanine?
purine
what type of base is thymine/uracil and cytosine?
pyramidine
what is a benefit of the hydrogen bonds between the bases?
holds the two strands of DNA together, lots of H bonds provides strength
which bases have a higher amount of H bonds?
cytosine and guanine
what bond is in between nucleotides to form polynucleotides?
phosphodiester bonds
which molecules make up the backbone of the DNA?
sugar and phosphate
why is DNA a stable molecule?
the phosphodiester backbone protects the more reactive nitrogenous bases inside the double helix, the hydrogen bond link nitrogenous bases together forming bridges between the two strands
how many binds does cytosine form?
three
how does DNA being a stable molecule relate to its function?
it can be passed through many generations without undergoing change (it mutates rarely)
what is the function of DNA polymerase?
to join free nucleotides together, making phosphodiester bonds
