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AP Psychology > Unit 13: Treating Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Unit 13: Treating Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

eclectic approach

A

therapy involving multiple therapeutic methods and techniques to meet the needs of the client

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2
Q

psychotherapy

A

type of therapy involving interactions between a client and a therapist to solve mental, emotional, disease-related, and disorder-related problems

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3
Q

antianxiety drugs

A

used to reduce symptoms of anxiety

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4
Q

antidepressant drugs

A

used to elevate mood and relieve depression

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5
Q

antipsychotic drugs

A

used to gradually decrease symptoms of psychotic disorders

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6
Q

aversive conditioning

A

use conditioning to form association between undesirable behavior that one wishes to change and undesirable consequences

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7
Q

Beck’s therapy for depression

A

involves changing negative thoughts into positive ones (cognitive therapy)

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8
Q

behavior therapies

A

use principles of conditioning and learning to change maladaptive behaviors of psychological disorders

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9
Q

biomedical therapy

A

used to treat biological symptoms of psychological disorders

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10
Q

classical conditioning techniques

A

forming an association between an undesired behavior that one wishes to change and an undesirable consequence of that behavior

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11
Q

client-centered therapy

A

therapy where the client decides terms of treatment which allows a favorable environment for self growth

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12
Q

cognitive therapies

A

changing maladaptive thinking patterns into positive ones

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13
Q

cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

A

use of conditioning methods to change maladaptive thinking patterns

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14
Q

commonalities among psychotherapies

A

all psychotherapies provide a safe environment for self growth

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15
Q

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

inducing light electric shocks to shape behavior

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16
Q

family therapy

A

group therapy with the family as the group

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17
Q

group therapy

A

type of therapy in which clients with similar problems group together to discuss

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18
Q

humanistic therapies

A

therapies that focus on positive aspects of individual for self growth

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19
Q

insight therapies

A

therapies that increase clients’ self understanding to see where to improve

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20
Q

interpretation

A

method of psychoanalysis involving interpreting and explaining the client’s thoughts and behaviors in a given experience

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21
Q

lithium

A

type of mood stabilizer

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22
Q

lobotomy

A

destroying part of the brain involved in maladaptive emotions

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23
Q

mood-stabilizing medications

A

drugs that even out mood changes associated with bipolar disorders

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24
Q

operant conditioning

A

use of reinforcement to shape behaviors

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25
Q

psychoanalysis

A

type of psychotherapy involving the recovery of unconscious conflicts and motives to understand better present feelings and behaviors

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26
Q

psychopharmacology

A

(drug therapy) the use of drugs to relieve or control the biological symptoms of psychological disorders

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27
Q

psychosurgery

A

performing surgery on the brain to relieve symptoms of severe psychological disorders

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28
Q

rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

A

replacing negative thought processes with positive ones

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29
Q

resistance

A

defensive measures that impede therapeutic progress

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30
Q

SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)

A

drugs that limit uptake of serotonin to control mood

31
Q

systematic desensitization

A

type of behavioral therapy used to gradually reduce fear and anxiety associated with certain stimuli

32
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

involuntary repetitive jerks and movements

33
Q

transference

A

client transfers strong emotions towards therapist

34
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

providing an accepting and uncritical environment

35
Q

Aaron Beck

A

developed cognitive behavioral therapy

36
Q

Albert Ellis

A

developed rational-emotive behavioral therapy

37
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

developed psychoanalysis

38
Q

Carl Rogers

A

developed humanistic therapy

39
Q

B. F. Skinner

A

influenced conditioning

40
Q

What are the characteristics of the major humanistic therapies?

A

Client-centered therapy involves having the client choose the terms of the treatment. Reflection, unconditional positive regard, empathy, and authenticity are essential

41
Q

What is behavior therapy, and how does it work?

A

Behavior therapy involves the use of conditioning principles and learning principles to shape maladaptive behavior

42
Q

How is behavior therapy used to treat phobias, fears, and anxieties?

A

Systematic desensitization is used to determine the axietic stimuli, practice relaxing strategies, and relax in presence of the anxietic stimuli

43
Q

What role does reinforcement play in behavior therapy?

A

Reinforcement may encourage a particular positive behavior or disgrace a particular negative behavior

44
Q

Can therapy change thoughts and emotions?

A

Yes, via cognitive-behavioral therapy

45
Q

Can psychotherapy be done with groups of people?

A

Yes, this is called group therapy

46
Q

What do various therapies have in common?

A

Most therapies involve providing a safe environment for positive self growth

47
Q

How do psychiatrists treat psychological disorders?

A

Drug therapy can be used to relieve the biological symptoms of psychological disorders

48
Q

How are behavioral principles applied to everyday problems?

A

Conditioning can be used to treat everyday maladaptive behaviors

49
Q

active listening

A

echoing, restating, and seeking clarification for what a client expresses

50
Q

alternative therapies

A

pseudo therapies that utilize the placebo effect and the regression towards the mean effect to lie that their therapy improves symptoms of psychological disorders

51
Q

catastrophizing

A

perceiving the worst outcomes in situations

52
Q

client perceptions

A

how effective psychotherapy is according to the client

53
Q

clinicians’ perceptions

A

how effective psychotherapy is according to the therapist

54
Q

counterconditioning

A

using conditioning to replace maladaptive behaviors with constructive ones

55
Q

deep brain stimulation

A

stimulating the parts of the brain responsive to mood with drug therapies or ECT

56
Q

evidence-based practice

A

therapeutic treatment that incorporates the best available research, expertise of the therapist, and client preferences

57
Q

exposure therapies

A

behavior therapies that expose people to the things that cause them anxiety to treat the anxieties

58
Q

eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)

A

pseudo therapy involving rapidly moving one’s eyes while imagining a traumatic experience`

59
Q

light exposure therapy

A

effective therapy for seasonal mood disorder that involves shining a bright light during the morning at a person

60
Q

meta-analysis

A

statistical procedure for combining the results of many different studies

61
Q

neurogenesis

A

growth and development of nervous tissue

62
Q

psychodynamic therapy

A

therapy emphasizing the influence of unconscious forces and childhood conflicts on present feelings and behavior

63
Q

regression toward the mean

A

tendency for unusual events or emotions to return to their average state

64
Q

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

A

sending magnetic impulses of energy to the brain to stimulate or suppress brain activity

65
Q

resilience

A

personal strength to cope with stress and recover from trauma

66
Q

therapeutic alliance

A

emotional bond between a therapist and the client

67
Q

therapeutic lifestyle change

A

changing one’s lifestyle to one more favorable for therapeutic growth

68
Q

token economy

A

being given a token every time a desired behavior is successfully accomplished to eventually exchange for rewards

69
Q

virtual reality exposure therapy

A

a 3D virtual world with scenes that have our anxiety inducing stimulus to help overcome our fear of them

70
Q

Mary Cover Jones

A

conducted an experiment to show how exposure therapy could be used to treat irrational phobias

71
Q

Joseph Wolpe

A

developed the Subjective Units of Discomfort (SUDS) scale to assess the subjective level of psychological pain

72
Q

How do psychotherapies differ? How did psychotherapy originate?

A

Psychotherapies differ in the focus of the treatment or in the emphasis of the treatment. Psychotherapies originated from Freud’s psychoanalysis.

73
Q

To what extent is Freudian psychoanalysis still used?

A

Today, the traditional focus of psychoanalysis involving the id, ego, and superego is rarely used today, however the idea of free association provided a basis for more modern psychotherapies

74
Q

How could a person find professional help?

A

Choose a therapist that best suits your needs

AP Psychology (19 decks)

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