Unit 12: Abnormal Behaviors and Unit 13: Treatment Flashcards
psychological disorder
pattern of behavior that causes personal stress, harms to oneself or others, or is maladaptive
abnormal behavior
subjectively defined behavior that deviates from societal norms
maladaptive behavior
behavior that intereferes with daily functioning
What are the two models for psychological disorders?
Medical Model: psychological disorders are biological diseases in the mind that can be cured
Biopsychosocial Model: the onset of psychological disorders is influenced by biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors
How does one diagnose a psychological disorder?
Using the DSM 5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)
What are the 5 axes of the DSM-5?
Axis I: clinical syndromes
Axis II: personality disorders
Axis III: general medical symptoms and conditions
Axis IIII: psychosocial and environmental problems
Axis V: overall score for biological and mental functioning from 0-100
What are the types of psychological disorders?
- Mood Disorders: characterized by emotional extremes
- Schizophrenic Disorders: characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized, speech, and/or inappropriate emotional expression
- Anxiety Disorders: characterized by excessive fear or worry
- Somatoform Disorders: characterized by the presence of physical symptoms without any apparent physical cause
- Dissociative Disorders: characterized by conscious awareness becoming separated from the previous identity
- Personality Disorders: characterized by a pattern of thinking that is maladaptive
- Eating Disorders: characterized by maladaptive patterns of eating behavior
What are the types of mood disorders?
- major depressive disorder: persistent extreme sadness and loss of interest in activities
- bipolar disorder: at times manic (intense excitement, enthusiasm, and desire), and at times depressed
What are the types of schizophrenic disorders?
- paranoid: hallucinations (false senses) and delusions (false beliefs)
- catatonic: times of rigid muscles with frantic movements and speech
- disordered: maladaptive thoughts, speech, and behavior
- undifferentiated: variation of above three types
What are the types of anxiety disorders?
- generalized anxiety disorder: persistent and extreme state of worry that is maladaptive
- panic disorder: bursts of intense fear or discomfort without real danger (panic attacks)
- phobic disorder: irrational and intense fear of a stimulus
- obsessive-compulsive disorder: irrational and repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions)
- posttraumatic stress disorder: psychological disturbances following a traumatic event
What are the types of somatoform disorders?
- somatization disorder: physical illness without physical origin
- conversion disorder: physical illness caused by severe emotional stress
- hypochondriasis: delusion of a disease or disorder when there is none
What are the types of dissociative disorders?
- dissociative amnesia: forgetting important, usually traumatic information
- dissociative fugue: sometimes in states of forgetfulness (fugue states) in which one forgets memories of entire life and personal identity
- dissociative identity disorder: 2 personalities take control of a person’s behavior
What are the three clusters of personality disorders?
- anxiety cluster
- eccentric or odd behaviors
- dramatic or impulsive behaviors
What are the types of eating disorders?
- anorexia nervosa: unhealthy dieting/starvation to control weight
- bulimia nervosa: periods of binge-eating followed by unhealthy methods of purging
- binge-eating disorders: periods of binge-eating followed by guilt or remorse
therapy
treatment to relieve or heal diseases, psychological disorders, and mental/emotional discomfort
What are the two areas of therapy?
- psychotherapy: one on one sessions involving a client and a therapist to treat psychological problems
- biomedical therapy: use of medication, brain stimulation, or psychosurgery to treat psychological problems
What are the four types of therapists?
- psychologist: mental health professional who diagnoses and treats disorders, mental, behavioral, and emotional problems
- psychiatrist: medical doctor in psychology who uses drug therapies for severe psychological disorders
- psychiatric nurse: nurse with training for diagnosing and treating psychological disorders
- counselor: offers guidance for a specific type of problem
What are the types of psychotherapy?
- Psychodynamic therapy: modern version of psychoanalysis focusing on reducing anxiety via self-insight
- Client-Centered therapy: enable growth via unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy
- Behavioral therapy: use classical and operant conditioning to change maladaptive behavior
- Cognitive therapy: promote healthier thinking and self-talk
- Cognitive-Behavioral therapy: promote healthier thinking and beneficial behaviors
- Group therapy: therapy involving many members with similar problems
What are the four techniques used in psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapy?
- free association: unjudgemental expression of thoughts and feelings
- dream analysis: assign symbolic meaning to the client’s dreams
- interpretation: assign meaning and explain the significance of the client’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior in their experiences
- transference: client transfers strong emotions toward therapist
What are the types of behavior therapies?
- Exposure therapy: gradually expose client to anxiety-inducing stimuli while practicing relaxation strategies
- Aversive therapy: condition an individual to avoid a certain stimulus via unwanted consequences
- Token economies: use operant conditioning to condition socially appropriate behaviors
What are the types of cognitive therapy?
- Rational-Emotive Behavioral Therapy: use of direct logic to counter irrational thinking
