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AP Psychology > Unit 12: Abnormal Behaviors and Unit 13: Treatment > Flashcards

Unit 12: Abnormal Behaviors and Unit 13: Treatment Flashcards

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1
Q

psychological disorder

A

pattern of behavior that causes personal stress, harms to oneself or others, or is maladaptive

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2
Q

abnormal behavior

A

subjectively defined behavior that deviates from societal norms

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3
Q

maladaptive behavior

A

behavior that intereferes with daily functioning

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4
Q

What are the two models for psychological disorders?

A

Medical Model: psychological disorders are biological diseases in the mind that can be cured
Biopsychosocial Model: the onset of psychological disorders is influenced by biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors

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5
Q

How does one diagnose a psychological disorder?

A

Using the DSM 5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)

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6
Q

What are the 5 axes of the DSM-5?

A

Axis I: clinical syndromes
Axis II: personality disorders
Axis III: general medical symptoms and conditions
Axis IIII: psychosocial and environmental problems
Axis V: overall score for biological and mental functioning from 0-100

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7
Q

What are the types of psychological disorders?

A
  1. Mood Disorders: characterized by emotional extremes
  2. Schizophrenic Disorders: characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized, speech, and/or inappropriate emotional expression
  3. Anxiety Disorders: characterized by excessive fear or worry
  4. Somatoform Disorders: characterized by the presence of physical symptoms without any apparent physical cause
  5. Dissociative Disorders: characterized by conscious awareness becoming separated from the previous identity
  6. Personality Disorders: characterized by a pattern of thinking that is maladaptive
  7. Eating Disorders: characterized by maladaptive patterns of eating behavior
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8
Q

What are the types of mood disorders?

A
  1. major depressive disorder: persistent extreme sadness and loss of interest in activities
  2. bipolar disorder: at times manic (intense excitement, enthusiasm, and desire), and at times depressed
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9
Q

What are the types of schizophrenic disorders?

A
  1. paranoid: hallucinations (false senses) and delusions (false beliefs)
  2. catatonic: times of rigid muscles with frantic movements and speech
  3. disordered: maladaptive thoughts, speech, and behavior
  4. undifferentiated: variation of above three types
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10
Q

What are the types of anxiety disorders?

A
  1. generalized anxiety disorder: persistent and extreme state of worry that is maladaptive
  2. panic disorder: bursts of intense fear or discomfort without real danger (panic attacks)
  3. phobic disorder: irrational and intense fear of a stimulus
  4. obsessive-compulsive disorder: irrational and repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions)
  5. posttraumatic stress disorder: psychological disturbances following a traumatic event
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11
Q

What are the types of somatoform disorders?

A
  1. somatization disorder: physical illness without physical origin
  2. conversion disorder: physical illness caused by severe emotional stress
  3. hypochondriasis: delusion of a disease or disorder when there is none
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12
Q

What are the types of dissociative disorders?

A
  1. dissociative amnesia: forgetting important, usually traumatic information
  2. dissociative fugue: sometimes in states of forgetfulness (fugue states) in which one forgets memories of entire life and personal identity
  3. dissociative identity disorder: 2 personalities take control of a person’s behavior
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13
Q

What are the three clusters of personality disorders?

A
  1. anxiety cluster
  2. eccentric or odd behaviors
  3. dramatic or impulsive behaviors
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14
Q

What are the types of eating disorders?

A
  1. anorexia nervosa: unhealthy dieting/starvation to control weight
  2. bulimia nervosa: periods of binge-eating followed by unhealthy methods of purging
  3. binge-eating disorders: periods of binge-eating followed by guilt or remorse
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15
Q

therapy

A

treatment to relieve or heal diseases, psychological disorders, and mental/emotional discomfort

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16
Q

What are the two areas of therapy?

A
  1. psychotherapy: one on one sessions involving a client and a therapist to treat psychological problems
  2. biomedical therapy: use of medication, brain stimulation, or psychosurgery to treat psychological problems
17
Q

What are the four types of therapists?

A
  1. psychologist: mental health professional who diagnoses and treats disorders, mental, behavioral, and emotional problems
  2. psychiatrist: medical doctor in psychology who uses drug therapies for severe psychological disorders
  3. psychiatric nurse: nurse with training for diagnosing and treating psychological disorders
  4. counselor: offers guidance for a specific type of problem
18
Q

What are the types of psychotherapy?

A
  1. Psychodynamic therapy: modern version of psychoanalysis focusing on reducing anxiety via self-insight
  2. Client-Centered therapy: enable growth via unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy
  3. Behavioral therapy: use classical and operant conditioning to change maladaptive behavior
  4. Cognitive therapy: promote healthier thinking and self-talk
  5. Cognitive-Behavioral therapy: promote healthier thinking and beneficial behaviors
  6. Group therapy: therapy involving many members with similar problems
19
Q

What are the four techniques used in psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapy?

A
  1. free association: unjudgemental expression of thoughts and feelings
  2. dream analysis: assign symbolic meaning to the client’s dreams
  3. interpretation: assign meaning and explain the significance of the client’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior in their experiences
  4. transference: client transfers strong emotions toward therapist
20
Q

What are the types of behavior therapies?

A
  1. Exposure therapy: gradually expose client to anxiety-inducing stimuli while practicing relaxation strategies
  2. Aversive therapy: condition an individual to avoid a certain stimulus via unwanted consequences
  3. Token economies: use operant conditioning to condition socially appropriate behaviors
21
Q

What are the types of cognitive therapy?

A
  1. Rational-Emotive Behavioral Therapy: use of direct logic to counter irrational thinking

AP Psychology (19 decks)

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