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AP Psychology > Unit 11: Testing and Individual Differences > Flashcards

Unit 11: Testing and Individual Differences Flashcards

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1
Q

achievement test

A

test that measures what knowledge one has already learned

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2
Q

aptitude test

A

test that measures how well one may do in the future in a particular area

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3
Q

Collectivism

A

cultural perspective in which group needs are valued over individual needs

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4
Q

content validity

A

the test measures the content it claims to measure

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5
Q

intellectual disability

A

disability that may lead to deficiency in adaptive skills

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6
Q

Intelligence

A

measure of one’s ability to learn, obtain and apply knowledge

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7
Q

intelligence quotient (IQ)

A

numerical value representing one’s intelligence level

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8
Q

intelligence test

A

tests designed to measure mental abilities such as reasoning, abstract thinking, and comprehension

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9
Q

mental age

A

normal age for a particular level of intelligence

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10
Q

normal curve

A

graph that shows a distribution in a measurement

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11
Q

predictive validity

A

a test adequately predicts future performance

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12
Q

Reliability

A

how consistent and repeatable the results are

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13
Q

Test-retest reliability

A

if the test is taken again similar results will be obtained

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14
Q

Split-half

A

individual obtains a similar number of correct answers for odd and even-numbered questions

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15
Q

Stanford-Binet

A

Intelligence test that measures one’s IQ score

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16
Q

Validity

A

how well something measures what it is supposed to

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17
Q

Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS)

A

Intelligence test that measures intelligence via providing information on cognitive strengths and weaknesses in verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, working memory, and processing speed

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18
Q

Alfred Binet

A

developed the Binet-Simon Scale to measure intelligence based on mental age

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19
Q

David Wechsler

A

developed the Wechsler Intelligence Scale to measure intelligence based on information on cognitive strengths and weaknesses in verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, working memory, and processing speed

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20
Q

How do psychologists define intelligence?

A

Intelligence is one’s ability to learn, obtain, and apply knowledge

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21
Q

What are the qualities of a good psychological test?

A

A good psychological test is standardized, reliable, and valid

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22
Q

emotional intelligence

A

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

23
Q

factor analysis

A

statistical procedure to identify clusters of related items

24
Q

Flynn effect

A

worldwide average increase in intelligence scores

25
Q

general intelligence (g)

A

a factor that underlies a broader range of mental abilities

26
Q

Grit

A

motivation to pursue a long-term goal

27
Q

multiple intelligences (Gardner)

A

8 intelligence that Gardner theorized to influence one’s intellectual ability

28
Q

savant syndrome

A

a condition in which a person with limited mental ability is exceptional at one specific skill

29
Q

Standardization

A

designing a test in such a way that it is possible to compare test results to a certain groups of people

30
Q

Sternberg’s three intelligences (triarchic theory; analytic, creative, practical)

A

three intelligences that Sternberg proposed one could exhibit

31
Q

Howard Gardner

A

Developed Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences identifying 8 intelligences that one could have

32
Q

Charles Spearman

A

developed the theory of general intelligence stating that there was one general intelligence factor (g) that influenced all other domains

33
Q

Robert Sternberg

A

developed his triarchic theory of intelligence stating that three intelligences influence us: analytical, practical, and creative

34
Q

Lewis Terman

A

developed the Stanford-Benet Intelligence test that measured intelligence based on IQ

35
Q

Cohort

A

group of people from a given time period

36
Q

cross-sectional studies

A

research done at one point in time that compares people of various ages

37
Q

crystallized intelligence

A

accumulated knowledge

38
Q

fluid intelligence

A

one’s ability to think

39
Q

Heritability

A

how well certain traits are passed down to the offspring

40
Q

longitudinal studies

A

research done on the same group of people over their lifespan

41
Q

standard deviation

A

average difference of the data values from the mean scores

42
Q

stereotype threat

A

when a stereotype of an ethnic group leads to decreased IQ scores for that group

43
Q

How do IQ scores relate to gender, age, and occupation?

A

Generally, despite small differences, IQ scores overall are stable and similar pertaining to gender, age, and occupation

44
Q

What does IQ tell us about genius?

A

High IQ scores intend to imply greater genius

45
Q

What causes mental retardation?

A

Intellectual disabilities

46
Q

How do heredity and environments affect intelligence?

A

Heredity defines a certain IQ range for an individual, while environments determine where in that range the person falls

47
Q

How have views of intelligence changed in recent years?

A

The definition of intelligence has varied over the years based on how intelligence was measured

48
Q

Are IQ tests fair to all racial and cultural groups?

A

No, as IQ tests are designed mainly for European-American white individuals

49
Q

Down syndrome

A

intellectual disability due to an extra set of chromosome 21

50
Q

Epigenetics

A

study of how environmental influences can affect genetics

51
Q

growth vs. fixed mindset

A

growth mindset states that intelligence can change and grow with sufficient environmental influence, while fixed mindset states that intelligence is fixed, genetically attributed, and can not change

52
Q

Francis Galton

A

scientist who started a revolution of intelligence testing with his ideas of “natural” [intelligence] ability”

53
Q

What are typical IQ tests like?

A

Typical IQ tests include the Weschler Adult and Student intelligence scales

AP Psychology (19 decks)

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